Period 1

Herbaceous Plants LHAP 104

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LHAP 104B Plant Properties Presentation Plant Properties

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Slide 1 Herbaceous Plants of the Grassland and Parkland Slide 2 Herbaceous Plants What are Perennial Herbaceous Plants? https://greathillhf.org/plant-profiles/herbaceous/ Slide 3 Environment Full Sun - more than six hoursPart shade - 4-6 hours Shade - less than 4 hours Watering Some need less water Some prefer consistent water https://www.provenwinners.com/learn/soil/tips-maintaining-perennial-plants Slide 4 For design purposes Concentrate on….. Environment Shape Texture Height Flower Colour Flowering times https://www.thisoldhouse.com/gardening/21017969/tried-and-true-perennials-for-your-garden Slide 5 Slide 6 ASPARAGACEAE Family Slide 7 Subfamilies: Beargrass, Brodiaea, Agave Monocots Flower parts in 3s Family Characteristics Slide 8 Maianthemum stellatum FYI Star flowered Solomons Seal (our native) Slide 9 Star flowered Solomons Seal FYI Native across North AmericaFound in every Canadian province except Nunavut Open woods and prairiesRhizomatous root system - perennial White flowers in spring - long anthers make them look starryBerries - green and black striped turning red as they mature Slide 10 ASPARAGACEAE Convallaria majalis Lily of the Valley Slide 11 Convallaria majalis - Lily of the Valley Origin: Europe, China, Japan, moist woodlands Hardiness Zone: 2 Exposure: anywhere ( sun to shade) Soil: prefers rich, moist, high organic woodland soils but can withstand sun and dry Slide 12 Form: Height and Spread: 15-20 cm x 15 cm Form: spreading habit, rhizomatous. Spreads quickly after establishment. All parts highly poisonous Convallaria majalis - Lily of the Valley Slide 13 Foliage: basal cluster simple, long petiole, entire margin, prominent parallel venation, glaucous bloom Green or reddish purple sheath Convallaria majalis - Lily of the Valley Slide 14 Convallaria majalis - Lily of the Valley Flower: Inflorescence: pendulous raceme, dainty bell shaped blossoms Colour: white, pink cvs available Season of Bloom: Late Spring/Early Summer (3-4 weeks) Notes: Powerful scent, followed with bright red fruit (DO NOT EAT) Slide 15 Convallaria majalis - Lily of the Valley Landscape Use: Mass planting Erosion Control Scented garden (be careful not to use in sensory if there’s any chance of tasting) Shady sites, dry sites Rock garden Cut flower Green Roof Maintenance: Invasive if not kept under control, blend only with woodies or large and/or equally aggressive plants POISON Slide 16 ASPARAGACEAE Polygonatum species Solomon’s Seal Slide 17 Polygonatum species - Solomon’s Seal Origin: Introduced Hardiness Zone: Z3 Exposure: Full sun / Part Shade ( best here) Soil Conditions: Moist, well-drained soil Significant Features... Slide 18 Polygonatum - Solomon’s Seal FORM: Height and Spread - variable with species. 30 cm - 1 m tall! Aggressive clumper. Shape - Graceful, arching stems Slide 19 Polygonatum - Solomon’s Seal FOLIAGE: Leaf - Simple, entire margin, parallel venation, sessile attachment along central stem. Colour light to medium green Variegated cultivars available (but not as tall or aggressive) - Slide 20 Polygonatum - Solomon’s Seal Flower & Fruit: Type - Dainty, bell-shaped blooms on raceme Colour - White with green edges Season of Bloom - Spring Fruit - blue black ornamental berries Slide 21 Polygonatum - Solomon’s Seal Landscape Use: Spring Feature Distinctive form Middle to back of the garden - plant with other aggressive growers/woodies Maintenance May need to control spread Cut back in Fall Slide 22 ASTERACEAE The Aster Family Slide 23 The ASTERACEAE Family (Aster Family) Inflorescence is called Head or Capitulum - with Ray (Ligulate / Strap) and/or Disc (tube) florets Mature Fruit is an Achene Slide 24 Slide 25 Achillea millefolium Common Yarrow ASTERACEAE Slide 26 Achillea millefolium Yarrow Origin: Native Plant (Northern Hemisphere) Hardiness Zone: 2 Exposure: Full Sun Soil Conditions: Does well in all soils - including infertile ones. https://www.fruitionseeds.com/Organic-Achillea-millefolium-Native-yarrow-p/h38.htm Slide 27 Slide 28 Achillea millefolium Yarrow- Identifying Features Form: Height and Spread - 60 - 80 cm (2’) x 1 m (3.5’) PLUS Root Type - Rhizomes Shape - Clumping (very quickly!) https://www.thegrowers-exchange.com/Achillea_Millefolium_p/her-ach01.htm Slide 29 Achillea millefolium Yarrow- Identifying Features Foliage: Texture - Fine Textured with basal rosettes Colour - Dark Green Other - leaves are slightly aromatic when crushed https://strictlymedicinalseeds.com/product/yarrow-official-achillea-millefolium-seeds-organic/ Slide 30 Achillea millefolium Yarrow - Identifying Features Flower: Inflorescence - Corymb Colour - Can be white, yellow, pink, red, and even orange Season of Bloom - July until frost Other - Showy flower, especially mass planted. Slide 31 Achillea millefolium - Yarrow Landscape Use: Best not to mix it in small beds - mass plant in large areas Useful in dry sites that are hard to establish Erosion control https://www.worldplantsnursery.com/product/achillea-millefolium-yarrow-summer-f2-pastel-mix/ Slide 32 Achillea millefolium Yarrow Maintenance Considerations: Keep it contained - it will spread and compete Don’t overwater Regular division also improves performance Thrives on neglect https://www.anniesannuals.com/plants/view/?id=3838 Slide 33 Artemisia species Sage/ Artemisia ASTERACEAE Slide 34 FYI Native sage in Alberta A frigida A. ludoviciana A. cana A. absinthium Slide 35 Artemisia schmidtiana ‘Silver Mound’ Silver Mound Artemisia Slide 36 Artemisia schmidtiana ‘Silver Mound’ Silver Mound Artemisia Origin: Japan Hardiness Zone: 3 Exposure: Full Sun Soil Conditions: Dry, Sandy Sites, Poor soils https://www.waltersgardens.com/variety.php?ID=ARTSM Slide 37 Artemisia schmidtiana ‘Silver Mound’ Silver Mound Artemisia- Identifying Features Form: Height and Spread - 40 - 60 cm x 45 - 60 cm Root Type - fibrous Shape - Round, Mounding in Mass planting https://portlandnursery.com/perennials/artemisia/ Slide 38 Artemisia schmidtiana ‘Silver Mound’ Silver Mound Artemisia- Identifying Features Foliage: Texture - VERY fine Colour - Silver Other - incredibly soft Slide 39 Artemisia schmidtiana ‘Silver Mound’ Silver Mound Artemisia - Identifying Features Flower: Type - Capitulum Colour - yellowish Season of Bloom - Possibly seen late season Other - Not desirable Slide 40 Artemisia schmidtiana ‘Silver Mound’ Silver Mound Artemisia Landscape Use: Accent plant Distinctive mounds when mass planted Dry Sites (rock, alpine gardens, or sandy soil) Slide 41 Artemisia schmidtiana ‘Silver Mound’ Silver Mound Artemisia Maintenance Considerations: Cut back in late summer to get a second flush of growth (round shape will collapse) Best not to Topwater Do not over fertilize Slide 42 Gaillardia x grandiflora Blanket Flower /Gaillardia ASTERACEAE Slide 43 Slide 44 Gaillardia x grandiflora Blanketflower Origin - Garden (hybrid) Hardiness Zone 2 Exposure: full sun Soil: well drained, does not like heavy clay soil can tolerate drought and salt Slide 45 Gaillardia x grandiflora Blanketflower Form Cross between G. aristata (90 cm perennial and G. pulchella 60cm annual ) Height: 60 cm Spread: 60 cm upright rounded form Perennial habit, long blooming, rapid growth but short lived Slide 46 Gaillardia x grandiflora Blanketflower Leaves simple alternate and basal 20-30cm oblanceolate to lanceolate coarsely toothed margins have stiff hair on leaves and stems Slide 47 Gaillardia x grandiflora Blanketflower Flower Capitulum - 7-10cm both ray and disc florets, Receptacle rounded (dome shaped) Colours: ray florets yellow/red disc florets yellow to purple brown Bloom time: late June through August Slide 48 Gaillardia x grandiflora Blanketflower Landscape Use mid border native or reclamation small groups/ filler dry sites attracts butterflies Deer resistant Slide 49 Heliopsis helianthoides scabra Golden Sunflower ASTERACEAE Slide 50 Heliopsis helianthoides scabra - Golden Sunflower Origin: Central and Eastern North America Exposure: Full Sun Soil: dry to moderately moist Slide 51 Heliopsis helianthoides scabra - Golden Sunflower Form:Unbranching stems Height : 1-2m Width: 60-120cm https://garden.org/plants/photo/355195/ Slide 52 Heliopsis helianthoides scabra - Golden Sunflower Leaves: oppositeOvate, tip acuteMargins serrate Green or purple green or variegated Stems: green or purple-red Slide 53 Heliopsis helianthoides scabra - Golden Sunflower Flowers: Ray florets - yellow to orangeBicolours, Doubles Disc florets - yellow,orange, or red Bloom time : July to frost E. Kawahara 2023 Slide 54 Heliopsis helianthoides scabra - Golden Sunflower https://www.perennials.com/plants/heliopsis-helianthoides-sunstruck.html https://www.selectseeds.com/perennial-seeds-2/heliopsis_burning_hearts.aspx https://www.finegardening.com/genus/heliopsis https://www.finegardening.com/genus/heliopsis Slide 55 https://www.highcountrygardens.com/perennial-plants/unique-plants/heliopsis-helianthoides-burning-hearts Slide 56 Landscape Use : Back of a perennial borderContainer Maintenance Considerationsnone Slide 57 http://www.plantstogrow.com/P/3901 E. Kawahara 2023 Slide 58 Liatris spicata Liatris, Spike Gayfeather, Blazing Star ASTERACEAE Slide 59 Slide 60 https://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/pollinator/plant/2230 http://wisflora.herbarium.wisc.edu/taxa/index.php?taxon=4060 Origin: eastern and central USA FYI - 2 Liatris species native to AlbertaL. punctata - sandy woods L ligulistylis -dry grasslands Slide 61 Liatris spicata- Liatris Environment: Hardiness Zone 2b Exposure: full sun Soil: moist well drained (critical) tolerates drought and alkaline soils Slide 62 Liatris spicata- Liatris Form:stout upright perennial Height: 45cm Spread: 30-45 cm spreads by rhizomes slow growing but long lived Slide 63 Liatris spicata- Liatris Leaves: basal and alternate grass like - broadly linear lanceolate 7-15cm long Slide 64 Liatris spicata- Liatris Flower: Inflorescence: raceme to 20 cm long Flowers from top to bottom Colours: pink (light and dark), white Bloom time: Early August to September Striking vertical contrast feathery looking Slide 65 Slide 66 Liatris spicata- Liatris Landscape Use: -middle of the border -accent or specimen -mass planting -reclamation/natural sites -cut flowers https://www.whiteflowerfarm.com/32952-product.html Slide 67 ASTERACEAE Rudbeckia hirta Rudbeckia, Black Eyed Susan Slide 68 Rudbeckia hirta- Rudbeckia Origin Native from Nova Scotia to Saskatchewan, naturalized in Alberta. Hardiness Zone: 4??Exposure: full sunSoil: dry to average garden loam( naturally found in disturbed areas like roadsides and open fields) https://garden.org/plants/photo/191065/ Slide 69 Rudbeckia hirta- Rudbeckia Form 3-10 dm tall Coarse texturedRough hairy throughout ‘Tiger Eye Gold’ Jim Robbins (n.d.) Slide 70 Rudbeckia hirta- Rudbeckia Leaves Leafy stems (Stem leaves alternate, sessile)Lower leaves long petioled, oblong to lanceolate, entire to somewhat toothed https://garden.org/plants/photo/191065/ Ozarkedgewildflowers (n.d.) Slide 71 Rudbeckia hirta- Rudbeckia Flower Ray and disc florets orange to yellow 2-4 cm long Disc florets 1-2 cm wide brown or deep purple Singles or doubles ( twice the petals) Bloom: mid summer early fall( may bloom earlier if started as a bedding plant Receptacle with papery scales Slide 72 https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Rudbeckia_hirta Slide 73 stokeseeds.com middletonnurseries.co.uk ‘Cappuccino’ Slide 74 Rudbeckia hirta- Rudbeckia Landscape Use: Short lived perennial Sold as bedding plant Used in annual flower beds Mixed perennial borders Compliments rock gardens, and fencelines. Slide 75 Symphyotrichum dumosum var dumosum Woods Aster ASTERACEAE Slide 76 Native Asters in Alberta (FYI) Shown here are the Native Alberta Asters: Symphyotrichum laeve & ericoides (white), Heterotheca villosa (yellow) Slide 77 Symphyotrichum dumosum var. dumosum - Woods Aster Slide 78 Symphyotrichum dumosum var. dumosum - Woods Aster Origin: North America Hardiness Zone: 2 Exposure: Full Sun Soil Conditions: widely adapted https://plantsam.com/symphyotrichum-dumosum-niobe/ Slide 79 https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=SYDU2 Slide 80 Symphyotrichum dumosum var. dumosum Woods Aster - Identifying Features Form: Height and Spread - 35 cm x 45 cm Root Type - thick fibres with weak rhizomes Shape - Mat forming E. Kawahara Slide 81 Symphyotrichum dumosum var. dumosum Woods Aster - Identifying Features Foliage: Texture - somewhat fine Colour - glossy dark green Other - presents in small, spreading bunches https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/symphyotrichum/dumosum/ https://palmcentre.co.uk/products/outdoor-plants/herbaceous/aster-dumosus-lady-in-blue/ Slide 82 Symphyotrichum dumosum var. dumosum Woods Aster - Identifying Features Flower: Type - Capitulum Colour - purple / dark pink (red) white Season of Bloom - late summer / fall https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphyotrichum_dumosum Slide 83 Symphyotrichum dumosum var. dumosum - Woods Aster Landscape Use: Moist sites ( not wet) Groundcover, Rockgarden border Late season colour Slide 84 http://www.perennialresource.com/variety.php?ID=ASTWL https://www.nvknurseries.com/plant/Aster-dumosus-Woods-Purple https://www.nvknurseries.com/plant/Aster-dumosus-Woods-Purple Slide 85 Symphyotrichum dumosum var. dumosum - Woods Aster Maintenance Considerations: It will spread; may require weeding https://planteset.com/symphyotrichum-dumosum-cv/ Slide 86 FABACEAE Legume Family Leaves - alternate, entire often compound Flowers - 5 petals, irregular - 1 ovary, 1 carpel Fruit - legume/pod ** nodules on roots contain rhizobium https://www.houseandgarden.co.uk/article/how-to-grow-sweet-peas Slide 87 FABACEAE Lupinus hybrids Lupin Slide 88 /realruth.files.wordpress.com Lupinus hybrids- Lupin Environment: Garden origin (native relatives in Alberta) Hardiness Zone: 2 Exposure: full sun, part shade Soil: moist well drained soil with neutral pH. can withstand drought Slide 89 http://www.mooseyscountrygarden.com/ Lupinus hybrids- Lupin Form: upright oval foliage with spike like flowering structures above the leaves Height 35-90 cm depending on cultivar Spread: 30-60cm . Slide 90 http://www.mooseyscountrygarden.com/ Lupinus hybrids- Lupin Leaves: Alternate , palmately compound 10-15 leaflets Root: strong tap root Slide 91 https://www.1st-art-gallery.com/ farm4.static.flickr.com Lupinus hybrids- Lupin Flower: Inflorescence: terminal raceme 30-60 cm long Individual flowers 1-2 cm long Colour: all colours, solids and bicolours Season of Bloom: June to July (early to midsummer bloomer) Slide 92 Fruit: Fuzzy pod Slide 93 http://www.bbc.com/ Slide 94 Lupinus hybrids- Lupin Landscape Use: middle or back of a perennial border small groups or mass planted attracts butterflies and hummingbirds strong vertical accent E. Kawahara (2023) Slide 95 Lupinus hybrids- Lupin Maintenance Considerations: Remove pods to prevent reseeding Will attract aphids Does not transplant well Slide 96 GERANIACEAE Hardy Geranium, Storks Bill Cranes Bill, Perennial Geranium Geranium spp. Slide 97 Lisa Vanee - LHAP Geranium species - Hardy Geranium Environment: Origin: North America 5 species in Alberta Hardiness Zone 2 Exposure: full sun, part shade Soil: wide adaptation better on dry side Slide 98 Geranium sanguineum ‘Max Frei’ Geranium species - Hardy Geranium Form: rounded to upright forms Height: 15-90 cm depending on species and cultivar Spread: 30-60 cm Slide 99 Geranium pratense ‘Splish Splash’ Slide 100 Geranium species - Hardy Geranium Leaves: Simple, alternate rhomboidal to ovate margin 5-7 incisely toothed palmately lobed pubescent, some slightly sticky Slide 101 Geranium ‘Splish Splash’ Geranium species - Hardy Geranium Flowers: Solitary, in leaf axils or terminals 2-5 cm across Colours: Blue, white, wine, lilac, pink, purple Season of Bloom: June to late summer (for about 6 wks) Depends on cultivar Slide 102 Geranium seed pods Pancrat, Aug 2014 Fruit: Schizocarpic capsule Slide 103 Geranium ‘Rozanne’ Slide 104 Geranium species - Hardy Geranium Landscape Use: front, middle or back of the border (depending on cultivar) shady sites small groups reclamation - woodland gardens, prairie grassland Enchanted Gardens Blog ( 2011) Slide 105 sugar creek gardens (n.d.) Slide 106 PIntrist Slide 107 Geranium species - Hardy Geranium Maintenance considerations : Powdery mildew Reseeding Jenna Rich 2024 Slide 108 PLANTAGINACEAE Penstemon species Penstemon Corolla 2 lipped http://www.personal.psu.edu/rdb4/hort131/weekly-lessons/week-4/week-4-plants/antirrhinum/ Slide 109 Penstemon species - Penstemon Environment: Origin - 10 species native to Alberta (Kershaw pg 260-263) Hardiness Zone 2-4 (varies with species) Exposure: Full sun Soil: Medium to well drained Low fertility Drought tolerant when established Walters Gardens Slide 110 Native Penstemon species (FYI) http://blackfootnativeplants.com/BlackfootNativePlants/blackfoot-native-plants/alberta-penstemon-penstemon-albertinus/ http://www.wildaboutflowers.ca/plant_detail.php?Smooth-Blue-Beardtongue-73 http://www.wildaboutflowers.ca/plant_detail.php?Yellow-Penstemon-71 https://wildflowersearch.org/search?&PlantName=Penstemon+albertinus Slide 111 Penstemon species - Penstemon Form: 60-120 cm tall ; 30cm wide spikelike flowers above foliage Medium textured https://www.thegazette.com/subject/life/home-and-garden/practically-perfect-penstemons-20200711 Slide 112 Penstemon species Leaves: opposite linear smooth, glossy entire to serrated margins https://www.americansouthwest.net/plants/wildflowers/penstemon-strictus4_l.html Slide 113 Penstemon species https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/taxa/index.php?taxon=Penstemon+barbatus https://www.bluestoneperennials.com/PERC.html Flowers: Spikes of tubular flowers All colours and bicolours Bloom time - midsummer to fall Slide 114 Penstemon species Landscape Use: Attracts pollinators - bees, butterflies hummingbirds Resistant to deer and rabbits Good for beds and bordersProvides a nice vertical accent No Maintenance issues Slide 115 The RANUNCULACEAE Family Leaves - alternate - simple or compound - lobed or dissected Flowers - 5 sepals, 5 petals - many stamens Buttercup Family Many members know to be poisonous Includes: Delphinium Trollius Clematis Monkshood Meadowrue Actaea (Bugbane) Marsh Marigold Slide 116 https://www.delta-intkey.com/angio/www/ranuncul.htm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranunculaceae Slide 117 Anemone patens (FYI) The native Prairie Crocus Prairies, open meadows Purple /white spring / early summer blooming Slide 118 Anemone pulsatilla Pasqueflower RANUNCULACEAE Slide 119 Anemone pulsatilla - Pasqueflower Environment: Origin: North Temperate Zone Hardiness Zone: 2 Exposure: Part Shade to full Sun Soil Conditions: Rich, sandy loam Slide 120 Anemone pulsatilla - Pasqueflower - Identifying Features Form: Height and Spread - 25 cm x 30 cm Root Type - Slender tap Shape - Oval https://www.gardens4you.co.uk/anemone-pulsatilla-vulgaris-alba-gb-en.html Slide 121 Anemone pulsatilla - Pasqueflower https://backwaterbotanics.wordpress.com/2015/07/15/pasque-flower-anemone-pulsatilla/ Slide 122 Anemone pulsatilla - Pasque flower Foliage : Texture - Very fine textured Colour - Green Other - Hardy foliage - still standing under frost. Slide 123 Anemone pulsatilla - Pasqueflower Flower: Type - solitary Colour - purple - blue, red, white Season of Bloom - Spring Other - pretty seed head Slide 124 Note: Nodding Heads and Foliage texture. Pink colour and purple. Kawahara (2017) Slide 125 Anemone pulsatilla - Pasqueflower Landscape Use: Pots and planters Front / Mid of flower bed Spring Feature wild gardens, rock gardens, gravelly banks Behind retaining walls Slide 126 Anemone pulsatilla - Pasqueflower Maintenance Considerations: Resents disturbance! Despite going to seed, it does not spread invasively Slide 127 Anemone canadensis Canada Anemone The native one (FYI) https://www.possibilityplace.com/our-plants/anemone-canadensis Slide 128 RANUNCULACEAEAnemone sylvestris Windflower Slide 129 Anemone sylvestris - Windflower Origin: meadows and deciduous woodlands of western Europe Hardiness Zone: 1 Exposure: part shade /shade Soil Conditions: moderately moist https://www.friendsschoolplantsale.com/plant/1330 Slide 130 Anemone sylvestris - Windflower Form: spreading Height and Spread - 30-45cm x 30-45 cm Root Type - rhizomatous Shape - upright Slide 131 Anemone sylvestris - Windflower Foliage: Texture - medium Ferny, deeply lobed Medium green http://www.luontoportti.com/suomi/en/kukkakasvit/snowdrop-anemone Slide 132 Anemone sylvestris - Windflower Flower: Type - solitary cup shaped, often nodding 3-5cm Above the foliage Colour - white Season of Bloom - Early summer Seed heads - fluffly e https://www.norasperennials.com/product/anemone-sylvestris-snowdrop/ Slide 133 Anemone sylvestris - Windflower Landscape Use: Shade gardenWoodland gardenUnderstory planting Naturalized area Cut flower Deer and rabbit resistant https://www.norasperennials.com/product/anemone-sylvestris-snowdrop/ Slide 134 Anemone sylvestris - Windflower Maintenance Considerations: Can spread aggressively in coarse soils Native windflower/ Canada Anemone

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Text and media extracted locally from the presentation.

Slide 1

Herbaceous Plants

of the

Grassland and Parkland

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Slide 5

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Slide 6

ASPARAGACEAE Family

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Slide 7

Subfamilies:

Beargrass, Brodiaea, Agave

Monocots

Flower parts in 3s

Family Characteristics

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Speaker Notes

  • Image: https://pixabay.com/en/plantain-lily-hosta-wide-brim-green-1579042/
  • HOSTAS ARE MONOCOTS! - parallel veins! Flower parts in 3’s.
  • Formerly many of these were part of Liliaceae and are also from a family called convallariaceae
  • Asparagaceae is kind of a catch-all family. Hosta is in the agaves and is highly adapted - these can be desert plants, water plants, or forest floor plants!

Slide 8

Maianthemum stellatum FYI Star flowered Solomons Seal (our native)

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Speaker Notes

  • https://nativeherenursery.org/product/maianthemum-stellatum/
  • Close up - https://www.gardenia.net/plant/maianthemum-stellatum

Slide 9

Star flowered Solomons Seal FYI

Native across North AmericaFound in every Canadian province except Nunavut

Open woods and prairiesRhizomatous root system - perennial

White flowers in spring - long anthers make them look starryBerries - green and black striped turning red as they mature

Slide 10

ASPARAGACEAE

Convallaria majalis

Lily of the Valley

Slide 11

Convallaria majalis - Lily of the Valley

Origin: Europe, China, Japan, moist woodlands

Hardiness Zone: 2

Exposure: anywhere ( sun to shade)

Soil: prefers rich, moist, high organic woodland soils but can withstand sun and dry

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Slide 12

Form:

Height and Spread: 15-20 cm x 15 cm

Form: spreading habit, rhizomatous. Spreads quickly after establishment. All parts highly poisonous

Convallaria majalis - Lily of the Valley

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Slide 13

Foliage: basal cluster

simple, long petiole, entire margin, prominent parallel venation, glaucous bloom

Green or reddish purple sheath

Convallaria majalis - Lily of the Valley

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Speaker Notes

  • https://gardenseedsmarket.com/convallaria-majalis-lily-of-the-valley-large-package-10-pcs.html

Slide 14

Convallaria majalis - Lily of the Valley

Flower:

Inflorescence: pendulous raceme, dainty bell shaped blossoms

Colour: white, pink cvs available

Season of Bloom: Late Spring/Early Summer (3-4 weeks)

Notes: Powerful scent, followed with bright red fruit (DO NOT EAT)

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Speaker Notes

  • ‘Rosa’ is a pink cultivar

Slide 15

Convallaria majalis - Lily of the Valley

Landscape Use:

Mass planting

Erosion Control

Scented garden (be careful not to use in sensory if there’s any chance of tasting)

Shady sites, dry sites

Rock garden

Cut flower

Green Roof

Maintenance:

Invasive if not kept under control, blend only with woodies or large and/or equally aggressive plants

POISON

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Speaker Notes

  • It is not easy to kill!

Slide 16

ASPARAGACEAE

Polygonatum species

Solomon’s Seal

Slide 17

Polygonatum species - Solomon’s Seal

Origin: Introduced

Hardiness Zone: Z3

Exposure: Full sun / Part Shade ( best here)

Soil Conditions: Moist, well-drained soil

Significant Features...

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Speaker Notes

  • There are several polygonatums all known as solomon’s seal - x hybrid, multiflorum, biflorum… They all look very similar.

Slide 18

Polygonatum - Solomon’s Seal

FORM:

Height and Spread - variable with species. 30 cm - 1 m tall! Aggressive clumper.

Shape - Graceful, arching stems

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Speaker Notes

  • Plants will spread via tough rhizomes, forming a thick but airy stand.
  • Variegated cultivars are more popular - spreading more slowly.

Slide 19

Polygonatum - Solomon’s Seal

FOLIAGE:

Leaf - Simple, entire margin, parallel venation, sessile attachment along central stem.

Colour light to medium green

Variegated cultivars available (but not as tall or aggressive)

-

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Speaker Notes

  • Plants will spread via tough rhizomes, forming a thick but airy stand.
  • Variegated cultivars are more popular - spreading more slowly.

Slide 20

Polygonatum - Solomon’s Seal

Flower & Fruit:

Type - Dainty, bell-shaped blooms on raceme

Colour - White with green edges

Season of Bloom - Spring

Fruit - blue black ornamental berries

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Speaker Notes

  • I used them in my wedding flowers May 15!

Slide 21

Polygonatum - Solomon’s Seal

Landscape Use:

Spring Feature

Distinctive form

Middle to back of the garden - plant with other aggressive growers/woodies

Maintenance

May need to control spread

Cut back in Fall

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Speaker Notes

  • Photo e kawahara october 2019 - still standing!

Slide 22

ASTERACEAE

The Aster Family

Speaker Notes

  • Tonnes of our herbaceous plant material comes from this family. We know they have a head or capitulum inflorescence, with ray (strap like) and/or disc florets.

Slide 23

The ASTERACEAE Family (Aster Family)

Inflorescence is called Head or Capitulum - with Ray (Ligulate / Strap) and/or Disc (tube) florets

Mature Fruit is an Achene

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Speaker Notes

  • Photo Credit: E. Kawahara - Native Brown Eyed Susan (Gaillardia), dandelion: https://pixabay.com/en/dandelion-macro-nature-close-619310/ and E. Kawahara - Gaillardia 2016
  • 1st year ASTERACEAE - Osteopermum, Senecio, Tagetes… what are the commonalities??
  • Major “honey plants” for bee keepers
  • Dandilion - all ray florets.
  • https://www.britannica.com/plant/Asteraceae More info on Asteraceae

Slide 24

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Speaker Notes

  • https://www.sanelijo.org/sites/sanelijo.org/files/images/plant_guide/glossary/Composite_flower.jpeg

Slide 25

Achillea millefolium

Common Yarrow

ASTERACEAE

Slide 26

Achillea millefolium

Yarrow

Origin: Native Plant (Northern Hemisphere)

Hardiness Zone: 2

Exposure: Full Sun

Soil Conditions: Does well in all soils - including infertile ones.

https://www.fruitionseeds.com/Organic-Achillea-millefolium-Native-yarrow-p/h38.htm

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Speaker Notes

  • Said “a-KILL-ee-a meel-lee-FO-Lee-um”
  • It is frost tolerant and is often one of the last ones to die down in the Fall.
  • https://www.fruitionseeds.com/Organic-Achillea-millefolium-Native-yarrow-p/h38.htm
  • It will do ok in part shade, but will flower less and may not be as strong stemmed.

Slide 27

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Speaker Notes

  • Image Source: https://pixabay.com/en/achillea-millefolium-yarrow-844587/
  • One of the most widely used medicinal plants in the world! Used for thousands of years as a styptic (plant that stops bleeding) - Achilles was said to save the lives of many soldiers by applying the plant to their wounds. Alkaloids within the plant reduce clotting time and may suppress menstruation. It has sedative, pain killing, antiseptic, anti inflammatory, and antispasmodic constituents that may help with menstrual cramps. It is often used in washes, salves and poultices for just about everything, and the tea can be used as a tonic for colds and fevers because it stimulates sweating and lowers blood pressure.
  • It can also be used in perfume and bath powder when dried. Fresh leaves are effective (but temporary) as a bug repellent, they are fragrant, and yarrow tea is reported as an excellent hair rinse.
  • Information taken from: Edible and Medicinal Plants of Canada. MacKinnon, Kershaw, Aranson, Owen, Karst, Hamersley Chambers. C 2009 by Lone PIne Publishing. Page 357
  • Significant Features ie - what are the DEAD GIVEAWAYS:This White one (in the picture) is the native in North America. Carrot like foliage and flat topped mini flower clusters.

Slide 28

Achillea millefolium

Yarrow- Identifying Features

Form:

Height and Spread - 60 - 80 cm (2’) x 1 m (3.5’) PLUS

Root Type - Rhizomes

Shape - Clumping (very quickly!)

https://www.thegrowers-exchange.com/Achillea_Millefolium_p/her-ach01.htm

image22.png

Speaker Notes

  • Also vigorous growing due to the rhizomatous spreading habit, it can be invasive.
  • It is easy to propagate by division or stem / root cutting. You can also harvest / purchase seed.
  • https://www.thegrowers-exchange.com/Achillea_Millefolium_p/her-ach01.htm

Slide 30

Achillea millefolium

Yarrow - Identifying Features

Flower:

Inflorescence - Corymb

Colour - Can be white, yellow, pink, red, and even orange

Season of Bloom - July until frost

Other - Showy flower, especially mass planted.

image28.png image26.png

Speaker Notes

  • Image source: https://pixabay.com/en/yarrow-plant-blossom-bloom-nature-1498265/
  • https://pixabay.com/en/yarrow-herb-millefolium-achillea-676980/
  • Corymb - like a cyme and umbel mixed - joined to the base like a cyme, but with a flat top.
  • Colours can be bright or pastels depending on the blend purchased. Few people plant the species - it’s just too invasive. More often cultivars like ‘Terracotta’ or ‘Paprika’ (yellow/orange and red) or “summer Pastels’ (a blend) are purchased.

Slide 31

Achillea millefolium - Yarrow

Landscape Use:

Best not to mix it in small beds - mass plant in large areas

Useful in dry sites that are hard to establish

Erosion control

https://www.worldplantsnursery.com/product/achillea-millefolium-yarrow-summer-f2-pastel-mix/

image30.png

Speaker Notes

  • Image source: https://pixabay.com/en/yarrow-milfoil-butterfly-flower-18639/, https://pixabay.com/en/tit-bird-nature-birds-green-275326/, https://pixabay.com/en/bee-honey-bee-insect-close-yarrow-1473113/
  • https://www.worldplantsnursery.com/product/achillea-millefolium-yarrow-summer-f2-pastel-mix/
  • Can be used as a Xeriscape flower in that it does not require extra watering for optimal survival.

Slide 32

Achillea millefolium

Yarrow

Maintenance Considerations:

Keep it contained - it will spread and compete

Don’t overwater

Regular division also improves performance

Thrives on neglect

https://www.anniesannuals.com/plants/view/?id=3838

image35.png

Speaker Notes

  • https://www.anniesannuals.com/plants/view/?id=3838

Slide 33

Artemisia species

Sage/ Artemisia

ASTERACEAE

Slide 34

FYI

Native sage in Alberta

A frigida

A. ludoviciana

A. cana

A. absinthium

image43.png image46.png image34.png image39.png

Speaker Notes

  • Photo: Absinth http://www.pharmakobotanik.eu/gallery/framgall.htm
  • Also called Wormwood or Angel Hair:
  • “They{artemisia genus} include tarragon, one of the finest and most important ingredients in French cuisine, sweet annie, the source of a medicine crucially important for the prevention and treatment of malaria, and wormwood, the defining ingredient of vermouth, without which the martini could not exist
  • ...According to the Greek myths, Artemis, the goddess of the wilderness and of the hunt, gave the power of the plant to Chiron the Centaur who was a great healer and teacher. It was Chiron who then developed the first medicines from artemisia… the bitterness impressed the early herbalists - Bitter herbs kick-start the digestive system, stimulate the liver, and boost the immune system
  • absinthe is flavoured with Roman wormwood (Artemisia pontica) and common wormwood (Artemisia absinthium), and those same wormwoods are used to make vermouth, the essential ingredient of the martini. Indeed ‘absinthe’ is the French word for wormwood and ‘wermut’ (pronounced ‘vermut’) is the German word, which goes to show how deep is the connection between the artemisias and some of Europe’s classic alcoholic drinks. The liqueur chartreuse is made with black wormwood (Artemisia genipi) and other herbs. Another classic European liqueur, genepi, is made with the same black wormwood… Herbal bitters were developed for medicinal purposes, going back hundreds or thousands of years. They are made with dozens of herbs but the common thread through most of them is artemisia. It is interesting how bitters are typically taken in Europe: after a heavy dinner the evening would end with a shot of bitters. Bitters help the body to digest the meal, by firing up the digestive system. They help the body process food quickly and help to settle the stomach before retiring for the night.
  • Artemisias are important to native Americans for traditional ceremonial use. Dried leaves tied into small bundles called ‘smudge sticks’ are burned to purify the ritual area. Like incense, a burning smudge stick releases fragrant essential oils into the air. These volatilized oils often have antibacterial and antifungal properties, which may hint of why smudging is associated with purification (we have one native here)
  • https://strictlymedicinalseeds.com/product/wormwood-absinthe-artemisia-absinthium-potted-plant-organic-sd-wa-no/
  • Early hunters faced a constant battle with worms and other intestinal parasites from the meat they ate, something we no longer worry about because our meat is government inspected to ensure it is sanitary. Taking wormwood would have cleared those intestinal infestations because wormwood is a powerful vermifuge, or an agent that expels worms. Free of parasites they would have felt stronger and healthier.
  • https://www.richters.com/show.cgi?page=HerbOfTheYear/2014artemisia.html
  • Origin : grassy slopes in high mountains, bare soil and seashores in N. and C. Japan
  • http://www.naturalmedicinalherbs.net/herbs/a/artemisia-schmidtiana.php
  • Full sun exposure keeps it compact. In shade, overly organic, or excessive moisture situations, it will become leggy and fall open.
  • Does not have large water requirements, and will rot in high temperatures when moisture is high.
  • In very fertile soil it will be lush and leggy as well.
  • https://www.saskwildflower.ca/nat_Artemisia-cana.html

Slide 35

Artemisia schmidtiana ‘Silver Mound’

Silver Mound Artemisia

image38.jpg image42.jpg

Speaker Notes

  • Significant Features: Silver / Gray, fine textured foliage, neat mounded growth habit
  • Neat, mounded habit,
  • Silvery grey, fine textured foliage.
  • Scent when leaves are crushed.

Slide 36

Artemisia schmidtiana ‘Silver Mound’

Silver Mound Artemisia

Origin: Japan

Hardiness Zone: 3

Exposure: Full Sun

Soil Conditions: Dry, Sandy Sites, Poor soils

https://www.waltersgardens.com/variety.php?ID=ARTSM

image44.png

Speaker Notes

  • https://www.waltersgardens.com/variety.php?ID=ARTSM

Slide 37

Artemisia schmidtiana ‘Silver Mound’

Silver Mound Artemisia- Identifying Features

Form:

Height and Spread - 40 - 60 cm x 45 - 60 cm

Root Type - fibrous

Shape - Round, Mounding in Mass planting

https://portlandnursery.com/perennials/artemisia/

image40.png

Speaker Notes

  • Can be tough to divide with semi woody stem - may be done every 3 -5 years. Can also be propagated via stem cutting in summer.
  • https://portlandnursery.com/perennials/artemisia/

Slide 38

Artemisia schmidtiana ‘Silver Mound’

Silver Mound Artemisia- Identifying Features

Foliage:

Texture - VERY fine

Colour - Silver

Other - incredibly soft

image37.jpg

Speaker Notes

  • Fine palmately to pinnatisect - DELICATE

Slide 39

Artemisia schmidtiana ‘Silver Mound’

Silver Mound Artemisia - Identifying Features

Flower:

Type - Capitulum

Colour - yellowish

Season of Bloom - Possibly seen late season

Other - Not desirable

image41.png image45.png

Speaker Notes

  • Photo source https://florafaunaweb.nparks.gov.sg/Special-Pages/plant-detail.aspx?id=5915
  • This plant is not grown for its flower and it is, in fact, rarely seen or noticed.
  • Typically this plant will be sheared back to about 7.5 cm above ground and made to regenerate for a second flush of foliage rather than allowing it to bloom.

Slide 40

Artemisia schmidtiana ‘Silver Mound’

Silver Mound Artemisia

Landscape Use:

Accent plant

Distinctive mounds when mass planted

Dry Sites (rock, alpine gardens, or sandy soil)

image53.jpg

Speaker Notes

  • It is such a soft textured plant with silver foliage much like the annual Dusty Miller (in colour), it is beautiful in contrast with other plants in the perennial borders.

Slide 41

Artemisia schmidtiana ‘Silver Mound’

Silver Mound Artemisia

Maintenance Considerations:

Cut back in late summer to get a second flush of growth (round shape will collapse)

Best not to Topwater

Do not over fertilize

image93.jpg

Speaker Notes

  • Top watering will cause crown rot and the centres collapse

Slide 42

Gaillardia x grandiflora

Blanket Flower /Gaillardia

ASTERACEAE

Slide 43

image58.jpg

Slide 44

Gaillardia x grandiflora Blanketflower

Origin - Garden (hybrid)

Hardiness Zone 2

Exposure: full sun

Soil: well drained, does not like heavy clay soil

can tolerate drought and salt

image51.jpg

Slide 45

Gaillardia x grandiflora Blanketflower

Form Cross between G. aristata (90 cm perennial and G. pulchella 60cm annual )

Height: 60 cm Spread: 60 cm

upright rounded form

Perennial habit, long blooming, rapid growth but short lived

image52.jpg image56.jpg

Slide 46

Gaillardia x grandiflora Blanketflower

Leaves simple

alternate and basal

20-30cm

oblanceolate to lanceolate

coarsely toothed margins

have stiff hair on leaves and stems

image49.jpg

Slide 47

Gaillardia x grandiflora Blanketflower

Flower

Capitulum - 7-10cm both ray and disc florets,

Receptacle rounded (dome shaped)

Colours: ray florets yellow/red

disc florets yellow to purple brown

Bloom time: late June through August

image48.jpg image50.jpg

Slide 48

Gaillardia x grandiflora Blanketflower

Landscape Use

mid border

native or reclamation

small groups/ filler

dry sites

attracts butterflies

Deer resistant

image55.jpg

Slide 49

Heliopsis helianthoides scabra

Golden Sunflower

ASTERACEAE

Slide 50

Heliopsis helianthoides scabra - Golden Sunflower

Origin: Central and Eastern North America

Exposure: Full Sun

Soil: dry to moderately moist

image54.png

Slide 51

Heliopsis helianthoides scabra - Golden Sunflower

Form:Unbranching stems

Height : 1-2m

Width: 60-120cm

https://garden.org/plants/photo/355195/

image59.png

Speaker Notes

  • https://garden.org/plants/photo/355195/

Slide 52

Heliopsis helianthoides scabra - Golden Sunflower

Leaves:

oppositeOvate, tip acuteMargins serrate

Green or purple green or variegated

Stems: green or purple-red

image61.png

Slide 53

Heliopsis helianthoides scabra - Golden Sunflower

Flowers:

Ray florets - yellow to orangeBicolours, Doubles Disc florets - yellow,orange, or red

Bloom time : July to frost

E. Kawahara 2023

image69.jpg

Speaker Notes

  • Photo courtesy of Elizabeth Kawahara

Slide 56

Landscape Use :

Back of a perennial borderContainer

Maintenance Considerationsnone

image78.jpg

Slide 58

Liatris spicata

Liatris, Spike Gayfeather, Blazing Star

ASTERACEAE

Slide 59

image68.jpg

Slide 61

Liatris spicata- Liatris

Environment:

Hardiness Zone 2b

Exposure: full sun

Soil: moist well drained (critical)

tolerates drought and alkaline soils

image67.png

Slide 62

Liatris spicata- Liatris

Form:stout upright perennial

Height: 45cm Spread: 30-45 cm

spreads by rhizomes

slow growing but long lived

image74.jpg

Slide 63

Liatris spicata- Liatris

Leaves:

basal and alternate

grass like - broadly linear lanceolate

7-15cm long

image79.jpg

Slide 64

Liatris spicata- Liatris

Flower: Inflorescence: raceme to 20 cm long

Flowers from top to bottom

Colours: pink (light and dark), white

Bloom time: Early August to September

Striking vertical contrast feathery looking

image73.jpg

Slide 65

image71.jpg

Slide 67

ASTERACEAE

Rudbeckia hirta

Rudbeckia, Black Eyed Susan

Speaker Notes

  • https://garden.org/plants/photo/191065/

Slide 68

Rudbeckia hirta- Rudbeckia

Origin Native from Nova Scotia to Saskatchewan, naturalized in Alberta.

Hardiness Zone: 4??Exposure: full sunSoil: dry to average garden loam( naturally found in disturbed areas like roadsides and open fields)

https://garden.org/plants/photo/191065/

image76.png

Speaker Notes

  • https://garden.org/plants/photo/191065/

Slide 69

Rudbeckia hirta- Rudbeckia

Form 3-10 dm tall

Coarse texturedRough hairy throughout

‘Tiger Eye Gold’ Jim Robbins (n.d.)

image72.png

Speaker Notes

  • Photo by Jim Robbins NC State Extension (n.d.) Rudbeckia hirta retrieved from https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/rudbeckia-hirta/ April 30, 2024

Slide 70

Rudbeckia hirta- Rudbeckia

Leaves

Leafy stems (Stem leaves alternate, sessile)Lower leaves long petioled, oblong to lanceolate, entire to somewhat toothed

https://garden.org/plants/photo/191065/

Ozarkedgewildflowers (n.d.)

image80.png image77.png

Speaker Notes

  • https://garden.org/plants/photo/191065/
  • Northern Ontario Plant Database (April 4, 2024) Rudbeckia hirta L. retrieved from http://www.northernontarioflora.ca/description.cfm?speciesid=1004598#:~:text=In%20Canada%2C%20its%20native%20range,%2C%20Alberta%2C%20and%20British%20Columbia. April 30, 2024
  • Ozarkedgewildflowers.com (n.d.) Black-Eyed Susan ( Rudbeckia hirta) retrieved from https://ozarkedgewildflowers.com/summer-wildflowers/black-eyed-susan-rudbeckia-hirta/ April 30,2024

Slide 71

Rudbeckia hirta- Rudbeckia

Flower

Ray and disc florets

orange to yellow 2-4 cm long

Disc florets 1-2 cm wide brown or deep purple

Singles or doubles ( twice the petals)

Bloom: mid summer early fall( may bloom earlier if started as a bedding plant

Receptacle with papery scales

image81.png

Slide 73

stokeseeds.com

middletonnurseries.co.uk

‘Cappuccino’

image84.png image85.png

Speaker Notes

  • https://www.stokeseeds.com/ca/toto-gold-rudbeckia-1258d-group
  • https://middletonnurseries.co.uk/product/rudbeckia-hirta-cappuccino/

Slide 74

Rudbeckia hirta- Rudbeckia

Landscape Use: Short lived perennial

Sold as bedding plant

Used in annual flower beds

Mixed perennial borders Compliments rock gardens, and fencelines.

image87.png

Slide 75

Symphyotrichum dumosum var dumosum

Woods Aster

ASTERACEAE

Slide 76

Native Asters in Alberta (FYI)

Shown here are the Native Alberta Asters: Symphyotrichum laeve & ericoides (white), Heterotheca villosa (yellow)

image83.png image102.png image89.png image100.png

Speaker Notes

  • These are similar to the Woods Aster in appearance, but a little more leggy… the cultivated one is much more compact.
  • We have a TON of wild asters including those shown above as well as Yarrow, Gaillardia

Slide 77

Symphyotrichum

dumosum var. dumosum

- Woods Aster

image90.png

Speaker Notes

  • https://pixabay.com/en/aster-smooth-aster-aster-laevis-1763068/
  • Asteraceae flower - disc and ray florets. Purple colour with yellow centre. (native is shown here)

Slide 78

Symphyotrichum dumosum var. dumosum - Woods Aster

Origin: North America

Hardiness Zone: 2

Exposure: Full Sun

Soil Conditions: widely adapted

https://plantsam.com/symphyotrichum-dumosum-niobe/

image88.png

Speaker Notes

  • https://plantsam.com/symphyotrichum-dumosum-niobe/

Slide 80

Symphyotrichum dumosum var. dumosum

Woods Aster - Identifying Features

Form:

Height and Spread - 35 cm x 45 cm

Root Type - thick fibres with weak rhizomes

Shape - Mat forming

E. Kawahara

image92.jpg

Speaker Notes

  • Photo E. Kawahara - Aster dumosus - - October 10
  • Grows into a loose mat - not tight like snow in summer or thyme.

Slide 81

Symphyotrichum dumosum var. dumosum

Woods Aster - Identifying Features

Foliage:

Texture - somewhat fine

Colour - glossy dark green

Other - presents in small, spreading bunches

https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/symphyotrichum/dumosum/

https://palmcentre.co.uk/products/outdoor-plants/herbaceous/aster-dumosus-lady-in-blue/

image97.png image101.png

Speaker Notes

  • https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/symphyotrichum/dumosum/
  • https://palmcentre.co.uk/products/outdoor-plants/herbaceous/aster-dumosus-lady-in-blue/

Slide 82

Symphyotrichum dumosum var. dumosum

Woods Aster - Identifying Features

Flower:

Type - Capitulum

Colour - purple / dark pink (red) white

Season of Bloom - late summer / fall

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphyotrichum_dumosum

image91.png

Speaker Notes

  • Photo - E. Kawahara 2017 - aster dumosus - October 10
  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphyotrichum_dumosum

Slide 83

Symphyotrichum dumosum var. dumosum - Woods Aster

Landscape Use:

Moist sites ( not wet)

Groundcover,

Rockgarden

border

Late season colour

image104.jpg

Speaker Notes

  • Photo Source: Kawahara 2017 - aster dumosus ‘Woods Blue’ - October 10
  • Relatively tall for a groundcover, but effective with tall perennials and shrubs
  • Woods asters are in bloom with the Rudbeckia and Sedum - after most of the summer glory has passed.

Slide 85

Symphyotrichum dumosum var. dumosum - Woods Aster

Maintenance Considerations:

It will spread; may require weeding

https://planteset.com/symphyotrichum-dumosum-cv/

image110.png

Speaker Notes

  • Opportunistic weeds like dandelion can make it’s way in, and in early stages the leaf can be similar
  • https://planteset.com/symphyotrichum-dumosum-cv/

Slide 86

FABACEAE

Legume Family

Leaves - alternate, entire often compound Flowers - 5 petals, irregular - 1 ovary, 1 carpel Fruit - legume/pod ** nodules on roots contain rhizobium

https://www.houseandgarden.co.uk/article/how-to-grow-sweet-peas

image95.png

Speaker Notes

  • https://www.houseandgarden.co.uk/article/how-to-grow-sweet-peas

Slide 87

FABACEAE

Lupinus hybrids

Lupin

Slide 88

/realruth.files.wordpress.com

Lupinus hybrids- Lupin

Environment:

Garden origin

(native relatives in Alberta)

Hardiness Zone: 2

Exposure: full sun, part shade

Soil: moist well drained soil with neutral pH.

can withstand drought

image108.jpg

Slide 89

http://www.mooseyscountrygarden.com/

Lupinus hybrids- Lupin

Form:

upright oval foliage with spike like flowering structures above the leaves

Height 35-90 cm depending on cultivar

Spread: 30-60cm .

image99.jpg

Slide 91

https://www.1st-art-gallery.com/

farm4.static.flickr.com

Lupinus hybrids- Lupin

Flower:

Inflorescence: terminal raceme

30-60 cm long

Individual flowers 1-2 cm long

Colour: all colours, solids and bicolours

Season of Bloom: June to July

(early to midsummer bloomer)

image103.jpg image114.jpg

Slide 92

Fruit:

Fuzzy pod

image129.jpg

Slide 94

Lupinus hybrids- Lupin

Landscape Use:

middle or back of a perennial border

small groups or mass planted

attracts butterflies and hummingbirds

strong vertical accent

E. Kawahara (2023)

image144.jpg

Slide 95

Lupinus hybrids- Lupin

Maintenance Considerations:

Remove pods to prevent reseeding

Will attract aphids

Does not transplant well

image134.jpg

Slide 96

GERANIACEAE

Hardy Geranium, Storks Bill

Cranes Bill, Perennial Geranium

Geranium spp.

Slide 97

Lisa Vanee - LHAP

Geranium species - Hardy Geranium

Environment:

Origin: North America

5 species in Alberta

Hardiness Zone 2

Exposure: full sun, part shade

Soil: wide adaptation better on

dry side

image107.jpg

Slide 98

Geranium sanguineum ‘Max Frei’

Geranium species - Hardy Geranium

Form:

rounded to upright forms

Height: 15-90 cm depending on species and cultivar

Spread: 30-60 cm

image109.jpg

Slide 99

Geranium pratense ‘Splish Splash’

image115.jpg

Slide 100

Geranium species - Hardy Geranium

Leaves:

Simple, alternate

rhomboidal to ovate

margin 5-7 incisely toothed

palmately lobed

pubescent, some slightly sticky

image112.jpg

Slide 101

Geranium ‘Splish Splash’

Geranium species - Hardy Geranium

Flowers:

Solitary, in leaf axils or terminals

2-5 cm across

Colours: Blue, white, wine,

lilac, pink, purple

Season of Bloom: June to late summer (for about 6 wks) Depends on cultivar

image106.jpg

Slide 102

Geranium seed pods

Pancrat, Aug 2014

Fruit:

Schizocarpic capsule

image126.jpg image127.png

Speaker Notes

  • Dehisced fruit : Pancrat , Aug 16, 2014 retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Geranium_rotundifolium_fruit.jpg

Slide 103

Geranium ‘Rozanne’

image119.jpg

Slide 104

Geranium species - Hardy Geranium

Landscape Use:

front, middle or back of the border (depending on cultivar)

shady sites

small groups

reclamation - woodland gardens, prairie grassland

Enchanted Gardens Blog ( 2011)

image113.png

Speaker Notes

  • Enchanted Gardens Blog ( June 23, 2011) Geraniums: Delicate Beauty for the Perennial Garden retrieved from https://www.enchantedgardensdesign.com/blog/2015/2/9/geraniums-delicate-beauty-for-the-perennial-garden April 30,2024

Slide 105

sugar creek gardens (n.d.)

image121.png image123.png

Speaker Notes

  • https://sugarcreekgardens.com/product/geranium-biokovo-karmina-hardy-geranium/- light pink (house)
  • https://sugarcreekgardens.com/product/geranium-intense-cranesbill/- dark pink

Slide 106

PIntrist

image117.png image124.png

Speaker Notes

  • https://www.pinterest.com/pin/wild-geraniumrabbits-stay-away-from-this-incredibly-hardy-ground-cover-remains-full-and-green-all-summ--90423905002224637/
  • Rich, Jenna ( january 12, 2024) How to Plant, grow and care for Hardy Geraniums, retrieved from https://www.epicgardening.com/hardy-geranium/

Slide 107

Geranium species - Hardy Geranium

Maintenance considerations :

Powdery mildew Reseeding

Jenna Rich 2024

image118.png

Speaker Notes

  • Rich, Jenna ( January 12, 2024) How to Plant, grow and care for Hardy Geraniums, retrieved from https://www.epicgardening.com/hardy-geranium/

Slide 109

Penstemon species - Penstemon

Environment:

Origin - 10 species native to Alberta (Kershaw pg 260-263)

Hardiness Zone 2-4 (varies with species)

Exposure: Full sun

Soil: Medium to well drained

Low fertility Drought tolerant when established

Walters Gardens

image122.png

Speaker Notes

  • Kershaw Linda, Allen Lorna (2020) Vascular Flora of Alberta: An Illustrated Guide,
  • Walters Gardens, Penstemon barbatus ‘Pink Pearls’ retrieved from https://www.waltersgardens.com/variety.php?ID=PENPP

Slide 110

Native Penstemon species (FYI)

http://blackfootnativeplants.com/BlackfootNativePlants/blackfoot-native-plants/alberta-penstemon-penstemon-albertinus/

http://www.wildaboutflowers.ca/plant_detail.php?Smooth-Blue-Beardtongue-73

http://www.wildaboutflowers.ca/plant_detail.php?Yellow-Penstemon-71

https://wildflowersearch.org/search?&PlantName=Penstemon+albertinus

image135.png image116.png image125.png image120.png

Speaker Notes

  • http://blackfootnativeplants.com/BlackfootNativePlants/blackfoot-native-plants/alberta-penstemon-penstemon-albertinus/
  • http://www.wildaboutflowers.ca/plant_detail.php?Smooth-Blue-Beardtongue-73
  • http://www.wildaboutflowers.ca/plant_detail.php?Yellow-Penstemon-71
  • https://wildflowersearch.org/search?&PlantName=Penstemon+albertinus

Slide 114

Penstemon species

Landscape Use:

Attracts pollinators - bees, butterflies hummingbirds

Resistant to deer and rabbits

Good for beds and bordersProvides a nice vertical accent

No Maintenance issues

image128.png

Slide 115

The RANUNCULACEAE Family

Leaves - alternate - simple or compound - lobed or dissected

Flowers - 5 sepals, 5 petals - many stamens

Buttercup Family

Many members know to be poisonous

Includes:

Delphinium Trollius Clematis

Monkshood Meadowrue Actaea (Bugbane) Marsh Marigold

image137.png

Slide 117

Anemone patens (FYI)

The native Prairie Crocus

Prairies, open meadows

Purple /white

spring / early summer blooming

image130.jpg

Slide 118

Anemone pulsatilla

Pasqueflower

RANUNCULACEAE

Slide 119

Anemone pulsatilla - Pasqueflower

Environment:

Origin: North Temperate Zone

Hardiness Zone: 2

Exposure: Part Shade to full Sun

Soil Conditions: Rich, sandy loam

image154.jpg

Speaker Notes

  • Previously known (in whitebook) as Ranunculaceae Anemone
  • All parts are poisonous when ingested (lowered blood pressure, nausea, salivation and dizziness), and can be irritating to skin
  • Common name from Paschal (Easter season). May also be called wind flower or lily-of-the-field
  • It likes good drainage, and dies quickly in excessive moisture.

Slide 120

Anemone pulsatilla - Pasqueflower

- Identifying Features

Form:

Height and Spread - 25 cm x 30 cm

Root Type - Slender tap

Shape - Oval

https://www.gardens4you.co.uk/anemone-pulsatilla-vulgaris-alba-gb-en.html

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Speaker Notes

  • Small oval shape. Root can be tough to divide if the plant is not mature enough to have formed fibrous roots around the crown.
  • Seed can be sown - mid summer to fall for spring life. Can try root cuttings in early spring.
  • https://www.gardens4you.co.uk/anemone-pulsatilla-vulgaris-alba-gb-en.html

Slide 121

Anemone pulsatilla - Pasqueflower

https://backwaterbotanics.wordpress.com/2015/07/15/pasque-flower-anemone-pulsatilla/

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Speaker Notes

  • Small Image source: https://pixabay.com/en/photos/?image_type=&cat=&min_width=&min_height=&q=Pasqueflower&order=popular
  • https://backwaterbotanics.wordpress.com/2015/07/15/pasque-flower-anemone-pulsatilla/ - large photo
  • Do you recognize it? The native prairie crocus is the provincial flower of Manitoba
  • Significant Features: Often it is the first plant up and flowering in the spring perennial beds!
  • Furry seed heads, deeply divided foliage

Slide 122

Anemone pulsatilla - Pasque flower

Foliage :

Texture - Very fine textured

Colour - Green

Other - Hardy foliage - still standing under frost.

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Speaker Notes

  • Kawahara 2016 - note lilac in the back has NO leaves yet!
  • Basal and alternate attachment, with long silky hairs.
  • Deeply dissected foliage makes it look lacey.

Slide 123

Anemone pulsatilla - Pasqueflower

Flower:

Type - solitary

Colour - purple - blue, red, white

Season of Bloom - Spring

Other - pretty seed head

image150.png

Speaker Notes

  • Image source: https://pixabay.com/en/photos/?image_type=&cat=&min_width=&min_height=&q=Pasqueflower&order=popular
  • Ranunculaceae - like stamens! Showy flower!
  • It’s actually the sepals that are so pretty.
  • This one will be flowering before Bergenia!! Very pretty, very subtle.
  • Seed type is achene - white/tan and super fluffy (wild hippy heads); seen in the summer
  • Flowers are often nodding

Slide 124

Note: Nodding Heads and

Foliage texture.

Pink colour and purple.

Kawahara (2017)

image155.jpg

Speaker Notes

  • Photo Kawahara 2017 - Photo taken late May: Red Peony is setting buds, Bleeding heart and Bergenia are in full flower. Pasque flower is FINISHED. Monkshood and Daylily are just getting started. Ligularia and Asiatic Lilies are only a few inches tall.

Slide 125

Anemone pulsatilla - Pasqueflower

Landscape Use:

Pots and planters

Front / Mid of flower bed

Spring Feature

wild gardens, rock gardens, gravelly banks

Behind retaining walls

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Speaker Notes

  • Shelter over the winter if keeping them in pots or planters
  • Plant them at eye level when possible to maximise nodding flower.

Slide 126

Anemone pulsatilla - Pasqueflower

Maintenance Considerations:

Resents disturbance!

Despite going to seed, it does not spread invasively

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Slide 128

RANUNCULACEAEAnemone sylvestris

Windflower

Slide 129

Anemone sylvestris - Windflower

Origin: meadows and deciduous woodlands of western Europe

Hardiness Zone: 1

Exposure: part shade /shade

Soil Conditions: moderately moist

https://www.friendsschoolplantsale.com/plant/1330

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Speaker Notes

  • https://www.gardenia.net/plant/anemone-sylvestris-snowdrop-anemone
  • https://www.northcreeknurseries.com/plantName/Anemone-sylvestris-
  • https://www.friendsschoolplantsale.com/plant/1330

Slide 130

Anemone sylvestris - Windflower

Form: spreading

Height and Spread - 30-45cm x 30-45 cm

Root Type - rhizomatous

Shape - upright

image153.jpg

Speaker Notes

  • https://www.gardenia.net/plant/anemone-sylvestris-snowdrop-anemone

Slide 132

Anemone sylvestris - Windflower

Flower:

Type - solitary cup shaped, often nodding 3-5cm Above the foliage

Colour - white

Season of Bloom - Early summer

Seed heads - fluffly

e

https://www.norasperennials.com/product/anemone-sylvestris-snowdrop/

image151.png

Speaker Notes

  • https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=h330
  • https://www.norasperennials.com/product/anemone-sylvestris-snowdrop/

Slide 133

Anemone sylvestris - Windflower

Landscape Use:

Shade gardenWoodland gardenUnderstory planting Naturalized area

Cut flower

Deer and rabbit resistant

https://www.norasperennials.com/product/anemone-sylvestris-snowdrop/

image143.png

Speaker Notes

  • https://www.gardenia.net/plant/anemone-sylvestris-snowdrop-anemone
  • https://www.norasperennials.com/product/anemone-sylvestris-snowdrop/

Slide 134

Anemone sylvestris - Windflower

Maintenance Considerations:

Can spread aggressively in coarse soils

Native windflower/ Canada Anemone

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Herbaceous Plants LHAP 104

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