Herbaceous Plants LHAP 104

Slide 1 Herbaceous Plants of the Grassland and Parkland Slide 2 Herbaceous Plants What are Perennial Herbaceous Plants? https://greathillhf.org/plant-profiles/herbaceous/ Slide 3 Environment Full Sun - more than six hoursPart shade - 4-6 hours Shade - less than 4 hours Watering Some need less water Some prefer consistent water https://www.provenwinners.com/learn/soil/tips-maintaining-perennial-plants Slide 4 For design purposes Concentrate on….. Environment Shape Texture Height Flower Colour Flowering times https://www.thisoldhouse.com/gardening/21017969/tried-and-true-perennials-for-your-garden Slide 5 Slide 6 ASPARAGACEAE Family Slide 7 Subfamilies: Beargrass, Brodiaea, Agave Monocots Flower parts in 3s Family Characteristics Slide 8 Maianthemum stellatum FYI Star flowered Solomons Seal (our native) Slide 9 Star flowered Solomons Seal FYI Native across North AmericaFound in every Canadian province except Nunavut Open woods and prairiesRhizomatous root system - perennial White flowers in spring - long anthers make them look starryBerries - green and black striped turning red as they mature Slide 10 ASPARAGACEAE Convallaria majalis Lily of the Valley Slide 11 Convallaria majalis - Lily of the Valley Origin: Europe, China, Japan, moist woodlands Hardiness Zone: 2 Exposure: anywhere ( sun to shade) Soil: prefers rich, moist, high organic woodland soils but can withstand sun and dry Slide 12 Form: Height and Spread: 15-20 cm x 15 cm Form: spreading habit, rhizomatous. Spreads quickly after establishment. All parts highly poisonous Convallaria majalis - Lily of the Valley Slide 13 Foliage: basal cluster simple, long petiole, entire margin, prominent parallel venation, glaucous bloom Green or reddish purple sheath Convallaria majalis - Lily of the Valley Slide 14 Convallaria majalis - Lily of the Valley Flower: Inflorescence: pendulous raceme, dainty bell shaped blossoms Colour: white, pink cvs available Season of Bloom: Late Spring/Early Summer (3-4 weeks) Notes: Powerful scent, followed with bright red fruit (DO NOT EAT) Slide 15 Convallaria majalis - Lily of the Valley Landscape Use: Mass planting Erosion Control Scented garden (be careful not to use in sensory if there’s any chance of tasting) Shady sites, dry sites Rock garden Cut flower Green Roof Maintenance: Invasive if not kept under control, blend only with woodies or large and/or equally aggressive plants POISON Slide 16 ASPARAGACEAE Polygonatum species Solomon’s Seal Slide 17 Polygonatum species - Solomon’s Seal Origin: Introduced Hardiness Zone: Z3 Exposure: Full sun / Part Shade ( best here) Soil Conditions: Moist, well-drained soil Significant Features... Slide 18 Polygonatum - Solomon’s Seal FORM: Height and Spread - variable with species. 30 cm - 1 m tall! Aggressive clumper. Shape - Graceful, arching stems Slide 19 Polygonatum - Solomon’s Seal FOLIAGE: Leaf - Simple, entire margin, parallel venation, sessile attachment along central stem. Colour light to medium green Variegated cultivars available (but not as tall or aggressive) - Slide 20 Polygonatum - Solomon’s Seal Flower & Fruit: Type - Dainty, bell-shaped blooms on raceme Colour - White with green edges Season of Bloom - Spring Fruit - blue black ornamental berries Slide 21 Polygonatum - Solomon’s Seal Landscape Use: Spring Feature Distinctive form Middle to back of the garden - plant with other aggressive growers/woodies Maintenance May need to control spread Cut back in Fall Slide 22 ASTERACEAE The Aster Family Slide 23 The ASTERACEAE Family (Aster Family) Inflorescence is called Head or Capitulum - with Ray (Ligulate / Strap) and/or Disc (tube) florets Mature Fruit is an Achene Slide 24 Slide 25 Achillea millefolium Common Yarrow ASTERACEAE Slide 26 Achillea millefolium Yarrow Origin: Native Plant (Northern Hemisphere) Hardiness Zone: 2 Exposure: Full Sun Soil Conditions: Does well in all soils - including infertile ones. https://www.fruitionseeds.com/Organic-Achillea-millefolium-Native-yarrow-p/h38.htm Slide 27 Slide 28 Achillea millefolium Yarrow- Identifying Features Form: Height and Spread - 60 - 80 cm (2’) x 1 m (3.5’) PLUS Root Type - Rhizomes Shape - Clumping (very quickly!) https://www.thegrowers-exchange.com/Achillea_Millefolium_p/her-ach01.htm Slide 29 Achillea millefolium Yarrow- Identifying Features Foliage: Texture - Fine Textured with basal rosettes Colour - Dark Green Other - leaves are slightly aromatic when crushed https://strictlymedicinalseeds.com/product/yarrow-official-achillea-millefolium-seeds-organic/ Slide 30 Achillea millefolium Yarrow - Identifying Features Flower: Inflorescence - Corymb Colour - Can be white, yellow, pink, red, and even orange Season of Bloom - July until frost Other - Showy flower, especially mass planted. Slide 31 Achillea millefolium - Yarrow Landscape Use: Best not to mix it in small beds - mass plant in large areas Useful in dry sites that are hard to establish Erosion control https://www.worldplantsnursery.com/product/achillea-millefolium-yarrow-summer-f2-pastel-mix/ Slide 32 Achillea millefolium Yarrow Maintenance Considerations: Keep it contained - it will spread and compete Don’t overwater Regular division also improves performance Thrives on neglect https://www.anniesannuals.com/plants/view/?id=3838 Slide 33 Artemisia species Sage/ Artemisia ASTERACEAE Slide 34 FYI Native sage in Alberta A frigida A. ludoviciana A. cana A. absinthium Slide 35 Artemisia schmidtiana ‘Silver Mound’ Silver Mound Artemisia Slide 36 Artemisia schmidtiana ‘Silver Mound’ Silver Mound Artemisia Origin: Japan Hardiness Zone: 3 Exposure: Full Sun Soil Conditions: Dry, Sandy Sites, Poor soils https://www.waltersgardens.com/variety.php?ID=ARTSM Slide 37 Artemisia schmidtiana ‘Silver Mound’ Silver Mound Artemisia- Identifying Features Form: Height and Spread - 40 - 60 cm x 45 - 60 cm Root Type - fibrous Shape - Round, Mounding in Mass planting https://portlandnursery.com/perennials/artemisia/ Slide 38 Artemisia schmidtiana ‘Silver Mound’ Silver Mound Artemisia- Identifying Features Foliage: Texture - VERY fine Colour - Silver Other - incredibly soft Slide 39 Artemisia schmidtiana ‘Silver Mound’ Silver Mound Artemisia - Identifying Features Flower: Type - Capitulum Colour - yellowish Season of Bloom - Possibly seen late season Other - Not desirable Slide 40 Artemisia schmidtiana ‘Silver Mound’ Silver Mound Artemisia Landscape Use: Accent plant Distinctive mounds when mass planted Dry Sites (rock, alpine gardens, or sandy soil) Slide 41 Artemisia schmidtiana ‘Silver Mound’ Silver Mound Artemisia Maintenance Considerations: Cut back in late summer to get a second flush of growth (round shape will collapse) Best not to Topwater Do not over fertilize Slide 42 Gaillardia x grandiflora Blanket Flower /Gaillardia ASTERACEAE Slide 43 Slide 44 Gaillardia x grandiflora Blanketflower Origin - Garden (hybrid) Hardiness Zone 2 Exposure: full sun Soil: well drained, does not like heavy clay soil can tolerate drought and salt Slide 45 Gaillardia x grandiflora Blanketflower Form Cross between G. aristata (90 cm perennial and G. pulchella 60cm annual ) Height: 60 cm Spread: 60 cm upright rounded form Perennial habit, long blooming, rapid growth but short lived Slide 46 Gaillardia x grandiflora Blanketflower Leaves simple alternate and basal 20-30cm oblanceolate to lanceolate coarsely toothed margins have stiff hair on leaves and stems Slide 47 Gaillardia x grandiflora Blanketflower Flower Capitulum - 7-10cm both ray and disc florets, Receptacle rounded (dome shaped) Colours: ray florets yellow/red disc florets yellow to purple brown Bloom time: late June through August Slide 48 Gaillardia x grandiflora Blanketflower Landscape Use mid border native or reclamation small groups/ filler dry sites attracts butterflies Deer resistant Slide 49 Heliopsis helianthoides scabra Golden Sunflower ASTERACEAE Slide 50 Heliopsis helianthoides scabra - Golden Sunflower Origin: Central and Eastern North America Exposure: Full Sun Soil: dry to moderately moist Slide 51 Heliopsis helianthoides scabra - Golden Sunflower Form:Unbranching stems Height : 1-2m Width: 60-120cm https://garden.org/plants/photo/355195/ Slide 52 Heliopsis helianthoides scabra - Golden Sunflower Leaves: oppositeOvate, tip acuteMargins serrate Green or purple green or variegated Stems: green or purple-red Slide 53 Heliopsis helianthoides scabra - Golden Sunflower Flowers: Ray florets - yellow to orangeBicolours, Doubles Disc florets - yellow,orange, or red Bloom time : July to frost E. Kawahara 2023 Slide 54 Heliopsis helianthoides scabra - Golden Sunflower https://www.perennials.com/plants/heliopsis-helianthoides-sunstruck.html https://www.selectseeds.com/perennial-seeds-2/heliopsis_burning_hearts.aspx https://www.finegardening.com/genus/heliopsis https://www.finegardening.com/genus/heliopsis Slide 55 https://www.highcountrygardens.com/perennial-plants/unique-plants/heliopsis-helianthoides-burning-hearts Slide 56 Landscape Use : Back of a perennial borderContainer Maintenance Considerationsnone Slide 57 http://www.plantstogrow.com/P/3901 E. Kawahara 2023 Slide 58 Liatris spicata Liatris, Spike Gayfeather, Blazing Star ASTERACEAE Slide 59 Slide 60 https://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/pollinator/plant/2230 http://wisflora.herbarium.wisc.edu/taxa/index.php?taxon=4060 Origin: eastern and central USA FYI - 2 Liatris species native to AlbertaL. punctata - sandy woods L ligulistylis -dry grasslands Slide 61 Liatris spicata- Liatris Environment: Hardiness Zone 2b Exposure: full sun Soil: moist well drained (critical) tolerates drought and alkaline soils Slide 62 Liatris spicata- Liatris Form:stout upright perennial Height: 45cm Spread: 30-45 cm spreads by rhizomes slow growing but long lived Slide 63 Liatris spicata- Liatris Leaves: basal and alternate grass like - broadly linear lanceolate 7-15cm long Slide 64 Liatris spicata- Liatris Flower: Inflorescence: raceme to 20 cm long Flowers from top to bottom Colours: pink (light and dark), white Bloom time: Early August to September Striking vertical contrast feathery looking Slide 65 Slide 66 Liatris spicata- Liatris Landscape Use: -middle of the border -accent or specimen -mass planting -reclamation/natural sites -cut flowers https://www.whiteflowerfarm.com/32952-product.html Slide 67 ASTERACEAE Rudbeckia hirta Rudbeckia, Black Eyed Susan Slide 68 Rudbeckia hirta- Rudbeckia Origin Native from Nova Scotia to Saskatchewan, naturalized in Alberta. Hardiness Zone: 4??Exposure: full sunSoil: dry to average garden loam( naturally found in disturbed areas like roadsides and open fields) https://garden.org/plants/photo/191065/ Slide 69 Rudbeckia hirta- Rudbeckia Form 3-10 dm tall Coarse texturedRough hairy throughout ‘Tiger Eye Gold’ Jim Robbins (n.d.) Slide 70 Rudbeckia hirta- Rudbeckia Leaves Leafy stems (Stem leaves alternate, sessile)Lower leaves long petioled, oblong to lanceolate, entire to somewhat toothed https://garden.org/plants/photo/191065/ Ozarkedgewildflowers (n.d.) Slide 71 Rudbeckia hirta- Rudbeckia Flower Ray and disc florets orange to yellow 2-4 cm long Disc florets 1-2 cm wide brown or deep purple Singles or doubles ( twice the petals) Bloom: mid summer early fall( may bloom earlier if started as a bedding plant Receptacle with papery scales Slide 72 https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Rudbeckia_hirta Slide 73 stokeseeds.com middletonnurseries.co.uk ‘Cappuccino’ Slide 74 Rudbeckia hirta- Rudbeckia Landscape Use: Short lived perennial Sold as bedding plant Used in annual flower beds Mixed perennial borders Compliments rock gardens, and fencelines. Slide 75 Symphyotrichum dumosum var dumosum Woods Aster ASTERACEAE Slide 76 Native Asters in Alberta (FYI) Shown here are the Native Alberta Asters: Symphyotrichum laeve & ericoides (white), Heterotheca villosa (yellow) Slide 77 Symphyotrichum dumosum var. dumosum - Woods Aster Slide 78 Symphyotrichum dumosum var. dumosum - Woods Aster Origin: North America Hardiness Zone: 2 Exposure: Full Sun Soil Conditions: widely adapted https://plantsam.com/symphyotrichum-dumosum-niobe/ Slide 79 https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=SYDU2 Slide 80 Symphyotrichum dumosum var. dumosum Woods Aster - Identifying Features Form: Height and Spread - 35 cm x 45 cm Root Type - thick fibres with weak rhizomes Shape - Mat forming E. Kawahara Slide 81 Symphyotrichum dumosum var. dumosum Woods Aster - Identifying Features Foliage: Texture - somewhat fine Colour - glossy dark green Other - presents in small, spreading bunches https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/symphyotrichum/dumosum/ https://palmcentre.co.uk/products/outdoor-plants/herbaceous/aster-dumosus-lady-in-blue/ Slide 82 Symphyotrichum dumosum var. dumosum Woods Aster - Identifying Features Flower: Type - Capitulum Colour - purple / dark pink (red) white Season of Bloom - late summer / fall https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphyotrichum_dumosum Slide 83 Symphyotrichum dumosum var. dumosum - Woods Aster Landscape Use: Moist sites ( not wet) Groundcover, Rockgarden border Late season colour Slide 84 http://www.perennialresource.com/variety.php?ID=ASTWL https://www.nvknurseries.com/plant/Aster-dumosus-Woods-Purple https://www.nvknurseries.com/plant/Aster-dumosus-Woods-Purple Slide 85 Symphyotrichum dumosum var. dumosum - Woods Aster Maintenance Considerations: It will spread; may require weeding https://planteset.com/symphyotrichum-dumosum-cv/ Slide 86 FABACEAE Legume Family Leaves - alternate, entire often compound Flowers - 5 petals, irregular - 1 ovary, 1 carpel Fruit - legume/pod ** nodules on roots contain rhizobium https://www.houseandgarden.co.uk/article/how-to-grow-sweet-peas Slide 87 FABACEAE Lupinus hybrids Lupin Slide 88 /realruth.files.wordpress.com Lupinus hybrids- Lupin Environment: Garden origin (native relatives in Alberta) Hardiness Zone: 2 Exposure: full sun, part shade Soil: moist well drained soil with neutral pH. can withstand drought Slide 89 http://www.mooseyscountrygarden.com/ Lupinus hybrids- Lupin Form: upright oval foliage with spike like flowering structures above the leaves Height 35-90 cm depending on cultivar Spread: 30-60cm . Slide 90 http://www.mooseyscountrygarden.com/ Lupinus hybrids- Lupin Leaves: Alternate , palmately compound 10-15 leaflets Root: strong tap root Slide 91 https://www.1st-art-gallery.com/ farm4.static.flickr.com Lupinus hybrids- Lupin Flower: Inflorescence: terminal raceme 30-60 cm long Individual flowers 1-2 cm long Colour: all colours, solids and bicolours Season of Bloom: June to July (early to midsummer bloomer) Slide 92 Fruit: Fuzzy pod Slide 93 http://www.bbc.com/ Slide 94 Lupinus hybrids- Lupin Landscape Use: middle or back of a perennial border small groups or mass planted attracts butterflies and hummingbirds strong vertical accent E. Kawahara (2023) Slide 95 Lupinus hybrids- Lupin Maintenance Considerations: Remove pods to prevent reseeding Will attract aphids Does not transplant well Slide 96 GERANIACEAE Hardy Geranium, Storks Bill Cranes Bill, Perennial Geranium Geranium spp. Slide 97 Lisa Vanee - LHAP Geranium species - Hardy Geranium Environment: Origin: North America 5 species in Alberta Hardiness Zone 2 Exposure: full sun, part shade Soil: wide adaptation better on dry side Slide 98 Geranium sanguineum ‘Max Frei’ Geranium species - Hardy Geranium Form: rounded to upright forms Height: 15-90 cm depending on species and cultivar Spread: 30-60 cm Slide 99 Geranium pratense ‘Splish Splash’ Slide 100 Geranium species - Hardy Geranium Leaves: Simple, alternate rhomboidal to ovate margin 5-7 incisely toothed palmately lobed pubescent, some slightly sticky Slide 101 Geranium ‘Splish Splash’ Geranium species - Hardy Geranium Flowers: Solitary, in leaf axils or terminals 2-5 cm across Colours: Blue, white, wine, lilac, pink, purple Season of Bloom: June to late summer (for about 6 wks) Depends on cultivar Slide 102 Geranium seed pods Pancrat, Aug 2014 Fruit: Schizocarpic capsule Slide 103 Geranium ‘Rozanne’ Slide 104 Geranium species - Hardy Geranium Landscape Use: front, middle or back of the border (depending on cultivar) shady sites small groups reclamation - woodland gardens, prairie grassland Enchanted Gardens Blog ( 2011) Slide 105 sugar creek gardens (n.d.) Slide 106 PIntrist Slide 107 Geranium species - Hardy Geranium Maintenance considerations : Powdery mildew Reseeding Jenna Rich 2024 Slide 108 PLANTAGINACEAE Penstemon species Penstemon Corolla 2 lipped http://www.personal.psu.edu/rdb4/hort131/weekly-lessons/week-4/week-4-plants/antirrhinum/ Slide 109 Penstemon species - Penstemon Environment: Origin - 10 species native to Alberta (Kershaw pg 260-263) Hardiness Zone 2-4 (varies with species) Exposure: Full sun Soil: Medium to well drained Low fertility Drought tolerant when established Walters Gardens Slide 110 Native Penstemon species (FYI) http://blackfootnativeplants.com/BlackfootNativePlants/blackfoot-native-plants/alberta-penstemon-penstemon-albertinus/ http://www.wildaboutflowers.ca/plant_detail.php?Smooth-Blue-Beardtongue-73 http://www.wildaboutflowers.ca/plant_detail.php?Yellow-Penstemon-71 https://wildflowersearch.org/search?&PlantName=Penstemon+albertinus Slide 111 Penstemon species - Penstemon Form: 60-120 cm tall ; 30cm wide spikelike flowers above foliage Medium textured https://www.thegazette.com/subject/life/home-and-garden/practically-perfect-penstemons-20200711 Slide 112 Penstemon species Leaves: opposite linear smooth, glossy entire to serrated margins https://www.americansouthwest.net/plants/wildflowers/penstemon-strictus4_l.html Slide 113 Penstemon species https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/taxa/index.php?taxon=Penstemon+barbatus https://www.bluestoneperennials.com/PERC.html Flowers: Spikes of tubular flowers All colours and bicolours Bloom time - midsummer to fall Slide 114 Penstemon species Landscape Use: Attracts pollinators - bees, butterflies hummingbirds Resistant to deer and rabbits Good for beds and bordersProvides a nice vertical accent No Maintenance issues Slide 115 The RANUNCULACEAE Family Leaves - alternate - simple or compound - lobed or dissected Flowers - 5 sepals, 5 petals - many stamens Buttercup Family Many members know to be poisonous Includes: Delphinium Trollius Clematis Monkshood Meadowrue Actaea (Bugbane) Marsh Marigold Slide 116 https://www.delta-intkey.com/angio/www/ranuncul.htm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranunculaceae Slide 117 Anemone patens (FYI) The native Prairie Crocus Prairies, open meadows Purple /white spring / early summer blooming Slide 118 Anemone pulsatilla Pasqueflower RANUNCULACEAE Slide 119 Anemone pulsatilla - Pasqueflower Environment: Origin: North Temperate Zone Hardiness Zone: 2 Exposure: Part Shade to full Sun Soil Conditions: Rich, sandy loam Slide 120 Anemone pulsatilla - Pasqueflower - Identifying Features Form: Height and Spread - 25 cm x 30 cm Root Type - Slender tap Shape - Oval https://www.gardens4you.co.uk/anemone-pulsatilla-vulgaris-alba-gb-en.html Slide 121 Anemone pulsatilla - Pasqueflower https://backwaterbotanics.wordpress.com/2015/07/15/pasque-flower-anemone-pulsatilla/ Slide 122 Anemone pulsatilla - Pasque flower Foliage : Texture - Very fine textured Colour - Green Other - Hardy foliage - still standing under frost. Slide 123 Anemone pulsatilla - Pasqueflower Flower: Type - solitary Colour - purple - blue, red, white Season of Bloom - Spring Other - pretty seed head Slide 124 Note: Nodding Heads and Foliage texture. Pink colour and purple. Kawahara (2017) Slide 125 Anemone pulsatilla - Pasqueflower Landscape Use: Pots and planters Front / Mid of flower bed Spring Feature wild gardens, rock gardens, gravelly banks Behind retaining walls Slide 126 Anemone pulsatilla - Pasqueflower Maintenance Considerations: Resents disturbance! Despite going to seed, it does not spread invasively Slide 127 Anemone canadensis Canada Anemone The native one (FYI) https://www.possibilityplace.com/our-plants/anemone-canadensis Slide 128 RANUNCULACEAEAnemone sylvestris Windflower Slide 129 Anemone sylvestris - Windflower Origin: meadows and deciduous woodlands of western Europe Hardiness Zone: 1 Exposure: part shade /shade Soil Conditions: moderately moist https://www.friendsschoolplantsale.com/plant/1330 Slide 130 Anemone sylvestris - Windflower Form: spreading Height and Spread - 30-45cm x 30-45 cm Root Type - rhizomatous Shape - upright Slide 131 Anemone sylvestris - Windflower Foliage: Texture - medium Ferny, deeply lobed Medium green http://www.luontoportti.com/suomi/en/kukkakasvit/snowdrop-anemone Slide 132 Anemone sylvestris - Windflower Flower: Type - solitary cup shaped, often nodding 3-5cm Above the foliage Colour - white Season of Bloom - Early summer Seed heads - fluffly e https://www.norasperennials.com/product/anemone-sylvestris-snowdrop/ Slide 133 Anemone sylvestris - Windflower Landscape Use: Shade gardenWoodland gardenUnderstory planting Naturalized area Cut flower Deer and rabbit resistant https://www.norasperennials.com/product/anemone-sylvestris-snowdrop/ Slide 134 Anemone sylvestris - Windflower Maintenance Considerations: Can spread aggressively in coarse soils Native windflower/ Canada Anemone