Slide 1 ELAEAGNACEAE FAMILY Slide 2 ELAEAGNACEAE Oleaster Family Family characteristics Small trees and shrubs Often thorny Leaves - simple covered with either silvery brown or golden hairs Flowers No petals - 2 to 8 fused sepals making a tube Fruit - achene or drupe Slide 3 ELAEAGNACEAE Elaeagnus commutata Slide 4 Elaeagnus commutata Wolf Willow/Silverberry Origin: Native to Alberta Hardiness Zone: 0b Exposure: Full sun Soil Conditions: Widely adapted Significant Features... Slide 5 Slide 6 Elaeagnus commutata Wolf Willow/Silverberry Form Height and Spread - 2m x 2m Coarse textured Foliage - Silvery. Alternate attachment. Leaf simple with entire margin. Slide 7 Elaeagnus commutata Wolf Willow Buds/Bark Bark - brown, scruffy scales on young stems Roots - rhizomes Slide 8 Elaeagnus commutata Wolf Willow/Silverberry Flower/Fruit: Flower - yellow, scentedTubular Bloom time - spring Fruit - silver dry drupe Slide 9 Slide 10 Elaeagnus commutata Wolf Willow/Silverberry Landscape Use: Native Sites Erosion control Colour contrast Winter interest Slide 11 Elaeagnus commutata Wolf Willow/Silverberry Maintenance Will spread Deer do not browse it N2 fixing Slide 12 MJasso Slide 13 ELAEAGNACEAE Elaeagnus angustifolia Slide 14 Elaeagnus angustifolia Russian Olive Origin: Russia Hardiness Zone: 3 Exposure: Full sun Soil Conditions: Widely adapted, salt, heat and drought tolerant Significant Features... Slide 15 Slide 16 Elaeagnus angustifolia Russian Olive Form Height and Spread - 8m x 9mFine textured, generally shaggy Foliage - silverlong narrow, margins entire Slide 17 Elaeagnus angustifolia Russian Olive Buds/Bark Old bark - rough/grey exfoliating. New bark - smooth, brown Other - THORNS! Slide 18 Elaeagnus angustifolia Russian Olive Flower/Fruit: Flower - yellow Bloom time - spring Fruit - Silver coloured berry Slide 19 Elaeagnus angustifolia Russian Olive Landscape Use: Small sites Boulevards Pollution Slide 20 Elaeagnus angustifolia Russian Olive Maintenance Prune out dead wood in spring Beware of thorns! Slide 21 ELAEAGNACEAE Shepherdia argentea Slide 22 Shepherdia argentea Silver Buffaloberry Origin: Native to Alberta Hardiness Zone: 2 Exposure: Full Sun Soil Conditions: Light Soil Significant Features... Slide 23 Shepherdia argentea - Silver Buffaloberry Slide 24 Shepherdia argentea Silver Buffaloberry Form Height and Spread - 4m x 3m Shape - Bushy, twisting. Thorns! Foliage silver, elliptic, margins entire JANDREASON Slide 25 . PFAIRBROTHER JANDREASON Slide 26 Shepherdia argentea Silver Buffaloberry Buds/Bark: Buds - Clusters of tiny silver buds Bark Texture - Flaky brown - silver Slide 27 Shepherdia argentea Silver Buffaloberry Flower & Fruit: Flower - dioecious, inconspicuous, yellow Bloom in May Fruit - pea size, fleshy, and reddish in colour Slide 28 . ASCHILL JANDREASON Slide 29 Shepherdia argentea Silver Buffaloberry Landscape Use: Contrast colour Specimen or hedge Native Planting Wildlife food/shelter Erosion Control Slide 30 Shepherdia argentea Silver Buffaloberry Maintenance Beware of suckering Thorns Slide 31 ELAEAGNACEAE Shepherdia canadensis Slide 32 Shepherdia canadensis - Canada Buffaloberry Origin: native to Alberta Hardiness Zone: 2 ( to tree line) Exposure: full sun, part shade Soil Conditions: requires good drainage tolerates poor soils: sand, gravel, calcareous, alkaline ( not salt tolerant) http://theconversation.com/alberta-grizzly-bears-will-feel-the-effects-of-climate-change-113001 Slide 33 Shepherdia canadensis - Canada Buffaloberry Form Medium shrub Mounding Height: 1.5 mSpread: 1.5m Medium textured Slow to medium growth rate Significant Features….. Slide 34 Shepherdia canadensis - Canada Buffaloberry Foliage: underside of leaves covered with hairs and rust coloured dotsTop dark green, glossy Buds - opposite, adpressed against the stemsReddish brown Branches opposite Scaly brownish felt covers new twigs Schill Slide 35 Shepherdia canadensis - Canada Buffaloberry Wikipedia (2024) Hydroquebec (n.d.) Slide 36 Shepherdia canadensis - Canada Buffaloberry Flowers - inconspicuous, Yellowish-greenFemale - Funnel shaped Produced as leaves start to openDioecious Fruit - red or orange translucent Oval 1 seeded Slide 37 Shepherdia canadensis - Canada Buffaloberry Landscape Use Neat, dense habitGlossy green foliage Mass plantingSpecimenNaturalization No specific maintenance or problems Slide 38 Hippophae rhamnoides Sea Buckthorn Slide 39 Hippophae rhamnoides Sea Buckthorn Origin: cold temperate regions of Europe and Asia Hardiness Zone: 2 Exposure: full sun Soil Conditions: requires good drainage tolerates poor soils: sand, gravel, Drought, calcareous, alkaline, salt Slide 40 Hippophae rhamnoides Sea Buckthorn Form Large shrubHeight: 3m Spread: 2 - 2.5 mFine texture Mounding Significant Features….. Slide 41 Slide 42 Hippophae rhamnoides Sea Buckthorn Foliage: narrow, lanceolate, silver green on top, slightly pubescent Buds - alternate, large, reddish brown Branches Scaly brownish rough Rhizomatous deep roots Slide 43 Hippophae rhamnoides Sea Buckthorn Flowers - DioeciousInconspicuousApetalous Wind pollinated Flowers after 3 years + Fruit - orange translucent , fleshy Oval 1 seeded Edible By Karunakar Rayker from India - No Pain No Gain Uploaded by Ekabhishek, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6907950 Slide 44 Hippophae rhamnoides Sea Buckthorn Landscape Use: neat, dense habitFine textured Mass planting - formal hedgeSpecimenWindbreak *suckers** Slide 45 PINACEAE Pine Family Slide 46 Pine Family Trees or shrubs, resinous evergreen; leaves needle-shaped, linear, spirally arranged, single or in groups Plants monoecious, reproductive structures produced in cones (strobili) of 2 kinds Male cones small formed singly or in dense clusters, scales flattened, sporangia 2 per scale on the lower surface Seed cones relatively large and woody at maturity, producing seed at the base of the scales, usually 2 seeds on a scale, seeds winged Pine, Tsuga, Abies, Pseudotsuga, Pinus, Larix. Slide 47 PINACEAEPicea glauca Slide 48 Picea glauca - White Spruce Origin: Native across America Hardiness zone: 0a ( to approx 30 km of the Arctic Circle) Exposure: half shade full sun Soil Conditions: wide but prefers moisture and a pH of 5-7.5. Not tolerant of saline soils. Will tolerate compacted and heavy soils in Urban areas. Slide 49 Picea glauca - White Spruce Form: narrow, pyramidal crown, openly branched. Branchlets sometimes pendant. Height 15m spread 5m Slide 50 Picea glauca - White Spruce Foliage: needlesSingle on a peg like projection1.2-2.0 cm long4 angled, blunt pointedDull to dark green with a white “bloom” Slide 51 Picea glauca - White Spruce Fruit Cones, pendant, 5-7 cm longScales entire, roundedSeeds mature in one year and cones drop each year after seed is shed. Slide 52 Picea glauca Landscape Use shelterbelt / windbreakspecimen / small group Primary problems:Spruce gall adelgidSpruce sawflySpruce budwormSpider miteRabbits ( on young trees) Shallow rooted, roots spread 2x ht of tree. Compete with turf Slide 53 PINACEAEPicea pungens Slide 54 Picea pungens - Colorado Spruce Native to US rockies ( not into Alberta) Hardiness Zone: 2 Exposure: full sun, part shade, generally prefers cooler climates Soil Conditions: wide, prefers rich moist soils but “can withstand drought better than any other spruce” 1 https://frarborists.com/colorado-state-tree/ Slide 55 Burns, Russell M. and Honkala, Barbara H. (1990) “Its range extends from latitude 33° 50' to 48° 54' N. and from longitude 104° 45' to 114° 00' W.; the Rocky Mountain region in high mountains…” Slide 56 Picea pungens - Colorado Spruce Form: PyramidalBranches stiff, in older trees may archCompact root system A small percentage of the species has the blue colour, in varying degrees of intensity when propagated by seed. Height 12m, spread 5m Slide 57 Picea pungens - Colorado Spruce Foliage: 2-3cm long 4 sidedSHARP POINTED (pungens)Held for 4-5 yearsGreen to blue with a glaucous bloom (wax) Winter buds: Orange brown and prominent Bark: gray brownDeeply furrowed Slide 58 Slide 59 Picea pungens - Colorado Spruce Fruit: Cones drooping to 10 cm long.Long flexible scales have jagged edgesBlonde brown in color Found at the top of the tree Slide 60 1. ‘Fastigiata’ Columnar Blue Spruce ‘Blue Totem’ - columnar spruce 2. ‘Montgomery’- compact, dwarf 3. ‘Hoopsii’ narrow upright, bluest 4. Fat Albert - dense 2. 3. 4. Slide 61 Picea pungens Landscape Use: shelterbelt/ windbreakShady sightsSpecimen, small groupsDry sites Maintenance: give lots of space Problems:Spidermite, white pine weevil ( in some years) Slide 62 PINACEAEPicea abies Slide 63 Picea abies Norway Spruce Origin: Eurasia Hardiness Zone: 2 Exposure: Full sun to part shade(Can get sunscald) Soil Conditions: must be moist and well drained Significant Features... Slide 64 Picea abies Norway Spruce Slide 65 Picea abies Norway Spruce Form : Height and Spread - SPECIES: 15m x 8m. Shape - pyramidal with graceful drooping branchelets. Juvenile Norway Spruce Slide 66 Picea abies - Norway Spruce Foliage Texture - fine (compared to other spruce) Colour - Evergreen. Identifier - ALL PICEA have 4 sided needles. Slide 67 Picea abies - Norway Spruce Buds & Bark: Buds slender, conical, acute, light brown, not resinous, rosette shaped Bark: red brown - grey, exfoliating in thin scales Flower & Fruit: Cones distinctly spiralled and stiff Cones showy - beige in colour Slide 68 Slide 69 Copyright - Olds College Slide 70 Picea abies -Norway Spruce Landscape Use: Winter interest Specimen or small grouping Slide 71 Picea abies Norway Spruce Juvenile vs mature Slide 72 Picea abies Norway Spruce Maintenance May sunscald All spruce insects: Spider mite, spruce gall adelgid, spruce budworm and borers Transplants readily Slide 73 PINACEAE Picea abies ‘Nidiformis’ and other cultivars Slide 74 Picea abies ‘Nidiformis’ Bird’s Nest Spruce Slide 75 Native to mountainous areas of northern and central EuropeZone ?? Exposure Full sun Environment evenly moist soil, grows best in cooler climates.Can withstand some drought when mature Slide 76 Form A dense rounded shrub with straight to slightly pendulous branches. Very slow growing After 10 years - 60 cm high x 120 cm wide, after 40 year- can get to 2.5m high and 13m wide. Leaves - short, medium to light green Landscape Use - evergreen border, accent plant https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/picea-abies-nidiformis/ Slide 77 E. Kawahara (2024) Slide 78 Other cultivars and varieties of Norway Spruce (FYI) Slide 79 Picea abies ‘Little Gem’ - Little Gem Spruce Slide 80 Picea abies ‘Cupressina’ Columnar Norway Spruce Picea abies ‘Christina’ Christina Norway Spruce Slide 81 Picea abies - Weeping Spruce