Pay attention to everything with vehicles for provincial exam (inspections, emergencies, maintenance) Read through the Commercial Drivers Guide, there are lots of questions on the 1-year exam. COR: certificate of recognition: awarded to employers who develop health and safety programs that meet established standards. Break on workers' compensation insurance Pre-start inspection: checklist of important things to consider before operating a piece of machinery You are legally mandated to do one Three-point contact: to safely enter or exit a piece of equipment If the bucket on the skid steer is empty, travel scoop down both up and down the hill A. Hand and Power Tools ....................................6 Hours Outcome: Use trade related tools. 1. Identify types of hand tools. Files: Coarse, Bastard, Second, Smooth (most coarse to least) Shovels: General use (pointed), round-nose, square nose, scoop shovel (degree of cant: angle between the ground and handle of shovel) Spade (straight vertical): medium spade, border spade, tree planting spade, irish garden spade Forks: 2. Identify types of power tools. 3. Describe tool sign-out sheets. 4. Explain use of hand tools. 5. Explain use of power tools. 6. Explain tool maintenance. 45º angle for sharpening tools ⅛” for a grinding bench Clean, sharpen, lubricate according to manufacturer specs Check spark plugs on small engines Electrical: requires oil, plugs replaced and cords checked, B. Equipment Maintenance an Operation..................................................8 Hours Outcome: Use equipment. 1. Identify engine components. Carburetor: mixed fuel with air Spark plugs: creates spark for ignition Air filter: filters air coming into engine (check first if engine doesn’t start because ignition requires air) Flywheel: gear that the starter hooks into and rotates the engine Crankcase: chamber used for gas exchange Crankshaft: provides the rotation for the piston Piston: moves gas in crankcase and pressurizes it for ignition Timing chain: rotates the crankshaft 2. Identify types of engines. 2-cycle: more emissions, only 2 cycles of the piston to accomplish fuel 4-cycle: completes cycle in 4 rotations; suck, squeeze, bang, blow (intake, compression, power, exhaust) Diesel engine: higher octane Gasoline engine: lower octane 3. Describe the operating principles of engines. The intake stroke begins the cycle, followed by the compression stroke, the power stroke, and finally, the exhaust stroke. suck, squeeze, bang, blow (intake, compression, power, exhaust) 4. Describe applications for using outdoor power equipment. 5. Describe engine systems maintenance. 6. Describe three-point hitches. 3-point hitch: Category 1: 20-45 Horsepower Category 2: 40-100 Horsepower Category 3: 80-225 Horsepower 7. Describe the components of Power-Take-Off (PTO) coupler shafts. PTO: power take-off: an additional power source for the engine 8. Describe machinery protection features. 9. Describe belt and chain drive systems. 10. Explain equipment maintenance schedules. 11. Demonstrate equipment operation. 12. Demonstrate equipment maintenance. C. Hydraulic Systems ...................................................................5 Hours Outcome: Maintain hydraulic systems. 1. Describe types of hydraulic fluids. 2. Describe hydraulic principles. 3. Describe hydraulic systems. Closed Loop: Connects pump directly to the motor (valve is directly on the pump) very efficient, more direct flow path for the oil to travel in Open Loop: include pump, motor, and reservoir tank (valve to control flow and direction) 4. Describe procedures for locating leaks. 5. Describe hydraulic test procedures. 6. Explain hydraulic system operation. 7. Explain troubleshooting operational problems. 8. Explain hydraulic system maintenance. D. Heavy Equipment, Trailers and Attachments ....................................................5 Hours Outcome: Operate heavy equipment. 1. Describe industry-related heavy equipment. 2. Describe procedures for working in and around heavy equipment. 3. Describe heavy equipment steering mechanisms. 4. Describe heavy equipment attachments. 5. Demonstrate hand signals for working in and around heavy equipment. 6. Perform heavy equipment inspections. E. Commercial Vehicle Operation .........................................6 Hours Outcome: Operate commercial vehicles. 1. Identify requirements to operate a commercial vehicle. 2. Describe use of hazard warning devices. 3. Describe regulatory codes for operation of a commercial vehicle. 4. Demonstrate use of logbooks. 5. Perform safety checks on commercial vehicles. 6. Perform commercial vehicle pre-trip and post-trip inspections. F. Transport Equipment ...........................................................................2 Hours Outcome: Transports equipment. 1. Identify equipment transportation hazards. 2. Describe vehicle, trailer and equipment combination selection. 3. Describe jurisdictional regulations for securing and transporting equipment. 4. Describe vehicle and trailer signage for oversized loads. 5. Describe routing for transportation. 6. Explain equipment transportation documentation. G. Transport Materials ......................................................................2 Hours Outcome: Transports materials. 1. Identify material transportation hazards. 2. Describe the procedures used for transporting materials. 3. Describe securing and covering materials. 4. Explain material transportation documentation. Test review: Paperwork check work order with address, cvip, circle check: visual inspection push rod travel distance: must do with another person, one applies brakes, other inspects safety meetings: employee responsibility to participate, employer responsibility to run them Variable hydraulic control valve: speed and direction of flow, connected to engine to power take off (isn't hard on engine) Files: coarse, bastard, secondary, smooth, round (for chainsaws, .25 of the cutter should be above the file) Oil: lighter viscosity for winter, 10w30 multi-grade oil Hydrostatic systems: mowers, bobcats, Brakes on pickup truck: hydraulic Breakaway switch: to lock brakes if trailer becomes disconnected Planning on job safety: is you fail to plan you plan to fail Attitude is important Checklists 3-point hitch components: pin-holder, top link (top bar: functions to control angle of attachment), arms/side links (right arm and left arm) Power take-off: A power take-off or power takeoff is one of several methods for taking power from a power source, such as a running engine, and transmitting it to an application such as an attached implement or separate machine Unsecured load: all vehicles 4,500 kg or higher subject to this rule: wrong type of straps, damaged straps, loose straps, no straps, no load rating, overhanging with no flags, not enough straps for load; chains cannot touch the ground, must be stamped with rating; old chains look bad = should be retired; Grade 8 steel has more alloy (tungsten) making it stronger (gold in color), Grade 5 steel is normal metal color, weaker steel (less carbon); anything that falls out is an unsecured load. If transporting skid steer, need 1 chain for attachment and equivalent of 1 chain per corner. Attachment on trailer needs minimum 2 straps/chains. Can get unsecured load ticket for not having tarp (provincial law). Air brakes: must check air brakes at beginning of shift, at any weight station (basically any time you stop) Pascal’s Law: equal force applied in all directions, perpendicular to the walls of the vessel (fundamental of hydraulic system) Safe Limit of Approach for downed wire (low voltage): 10m (2 car lengths/across the street) Safe Limit of Approach for wire (in proper position): 7m Foot pedals in Bobcat skid steer: left foot controls lift arms, right foot controls bucket tilt. Hand controls are direction/drive When brake drums expand as little as ten-thousandths of an inch, means the push rod must travel further (press brake pedal pushes push rod down, which pushes brake shoes against rotating drum, creating friction (heat), causing metal to expand. Hot brakes can lead to catastrophic brake failure. Vehicle over 4,500 kg with air brakes: must stop at brake check (check slack adjustment; adjust if necessary) (¼” travel in front axle, ½” travel in back axle) Mixed fuel (2-cycle fuel): only way 2-stroke engines get lubricated (oil mixed in fuel); 50:1 = 20 ml of oil per liter of gas Proof of circle check counts as due diligence Buying Quality Hand Tools: hardwood handles, thicker metal, unpainted metal When traveling in loader/skid steer/tractor, carry the load low Class II three-point hitch: 1,080 revolutions per minute (twice as many as Cat. I: 540) Getting caught in PTO (hair, clothing) most common cause of injury Tool sign out sheets: who used it last (lay blame) Gasoline and diesel can go stale: add fuel stabilizers if leaving gas in a container over winter Sharpen digging shovels: reduces fatigue Four Stroke Engine: Suck (intake), Squeeze (compression), Bang (power stroke), Blow (exhaust) Two Stroke Engine: Suck/Squeeze, Bang/Blow Tracks as wide as possible for digging; ROPS Air, fuel, ignition all present for fire B fire extinguisher for diesel fire Slow-moving vehicle: need slow vehicle triangle, need to follow rules of the road (seatbelt) When traveling with excavator, bring arm close and low Employer responsible for training on the job Crane signals are the same for other machines Chainsaw is dull: sound (chugging/struggle), sawdust, chain needs pressure to cut Shovel/Tool ID: cant of shovel handle indicates what tool is for; straight up and down is digging, blade flat on the ground and handle in the air indicates scooping Hours of Service legislation: a driver cannot drive after having driven 13 hours OR being on duty for 15 hours. Drivers must maintain daily logs and enter all required information: indicate hours of driving, hours of rest. Drivers must have 10 hours of rest per day, wherein 8 must be consecutive.