Period 1

BETULACEAE 2019 (1)

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Slide 1 BETULACEAEBirch Family Family Characteristics Leaves - simple serrate alternate arrangement Flowers - imperfect, monoecious male catkins pendulous, longer females - shorter erect Fruit - nut or samara The Birch Story Slide 2 BETULACEAE Betula papyrifera Slide 3 Betula papyrifera Paper Birch Native to Alberta , Boreal Forests across Canada and Northern USA Hardiness Zone: 2 Exposure: full sun, part shade Soil: NEEDS moisture, prefers well drained moisture holding loams or sandy loams, slightly acidic. Form: single or multi stemmed medium to large size tree. Up to 20m high and 12 m spread. Slide 4 Betula papyrifera Form: single or multi stemmed medium to large size tree. Up to 20m high and 12 m spread.medium texture Cultivars: (FYI) ‘Chickadee’ - narrow columnar maturing to densely pyramidal (15m x 8 m)slow growingOriginal selection from Beaverlodge ‘Varen’ Prairie Dream Paper Birch - 12m x 8m Resistant to Bronze Birch Borer, Cold hardy, upright oval form Significant Features ……. http://search.shelmerdine.com plants.gertens.com/ Slide 5 Betula papyrifera Paper Birch Slide 6 Betula papyrifera Foliage : simple, ovate to rhomboidal, double serrate margins, acuminate tip, truncate to acute base, alternate on stem. Slide 7 Betula papyrifera Bark : side buds sessile, no terminal bud, young twigs reddish brown, resinous, Prominent lenticels, older bark white, exfoliating. Slide 8 Betula papyrifera Flowers: monoecious catkins (aments)yellowish green to brown as mature Season of Bloom: early spring before the leaves https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/tree/paper-birch Fruit: winged nutlet, light brown, August, will persist into winter Spread by wind. Slide 9 Betula papyrifera Landscape Uses Fall colour, winter architecture and white bark Reclamation, native plantings Specimen, small group Maintenance: water during dry spells mulch to keep moisture in the soil prune after full leaf or not at all https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/plantsciences/research/introductions/prairie-dream Slide 10 forestpests.org Betula papyrifera Problems: Bronze birch borer Birch leaf miner https://www.thetreegeek.com/news/featured/borers/ http://www.firstchoicetreecare.com/page/eab https://www.forestryimages.org/browse/detail.cfm?imgnum=5302066 http://www.firstchoicetreecare.com/page/eab http://entomology.osu.edu/PEST/public_html/Pest2007/pest0507.htm http://hyg.ipm.illinois.edu/pastpest/200703e.html Slide 11 drought Slide 12 BETULACEAE Betula pendula Slide 13 Betula pendula European Weeping Birch Native to Europe and parts of Asia Hardiness Zone: 2 Exposure: full sun Soil conditions: prefer moist well drained loam to sandy loams. Are NOT drought tolerant Slide 14 Betula pendula Form: upright rounded with smaller branches ascending. low headed Medium tree about 10-15m high x 5 -7 m wide fine textured Slide 15 Betula pendula Cultivars: (FYI) Youngii’ ‘Gracilis’ – smaller, no main trunk, smaller branches hanging together in bundles, leaves deeply lobed. ‘Lanciniata’ - Cutleaf weeping Birch(‘Crispa’ ‘Dalecarlica’) – open habit, bark becoming black at base, leaves narrow, deeply lobed. Loses leaves before species. ‘Purple Rain’ - purple leaves Significant Features …… http://www.hort.uconn.edu/plants/detail.php?pid=67 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WuiUg4vw1K8 Slide 16 Betula pendula European Weeping Birch Slide 17 Betula pendula Leaves : simple, double serrate margins, acuminate tip, truncate to acute base alternate on stem yellow fall colour Stems: similar to Paper BirchFlowers: similar to Paper Birch Slide 18 Betula pendula Landscape Use specimen for residential yardsmunicipal areas parks cemeteries Problems Similar to Paper Birch drought bronze birch borer birch leaf miner Slide 19 BETULACEAE Betula occidentalis Slide 20 Betula occidentalis - River Birch Origin: Alberta Native, throughout western North America, from Yukon and Alaska, south to Colorado and from interior of BC to eastern Manitoba River Birch in Alberta Hardiness Zone: 2 Exposure: Full sun to part shade Soil Conditions: Moisture holding loam/ Sandy loam moist areas near running water, rivers, streambanks and creeks Significant Features... Slide 21 Slide 22 Betula occidentalis - River Birch FORM: Height and Spread - 6m x 4m Shape - Large shrub, Mid Size Multi-stem Tree (low headed Oval). Bark: Colour: Young twigs warty, gives rise to smooth reddish/brown bark with prominent, cherry-like lenticels. Good winter interest. Slide 23 Betula occidentalis - River Birch FOLIAGE: Texture - fine, small leaves rounded, acute tip, serrate margins Colour - Bright green in summer, yellow autumn colour. Slide 24 Betula occidentalis Flower & Fruit: Type - monoecious catkins, then winged nutlets Colour - yellow/green, fruit brown. Season of Bloom - flowers before & with leaves. Fruit dispersed in Fall and early winter. Slide 25 Slide 26 Betula occidentalis - River Birch Landscape Use: Prefers Moisture Strong vertical accent/screen Native sites Water features, ponds, swales, rain-gardens Maintenance Does not do well in dry weather More resistant to birch leaf miner & bronze birch borer. Does not like to be alone! Is a nitrogen fixer and pairs well. Slide 27

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Slide 1

BETULACEAEBirch Family

Family Characteristics

Leaves - simple serrate

alternate arrangement

Flowers - imperfect, monoecious

male catkins pendulous, longer

females - shorter erect

Fruit - nut or samara

The Birch Story

image13.jpg

Slide 2

BETULACEAE

Betula papyrifera

Slide 3

Betula papyrifera

Paper Birch

Native to Alberta , Boreal Forests across Canada and Northern USA

Hardiness Zone: 2

Exposure: full sun, part shade

Soil: NEEDS moisture, prefers well drained moisture holding loams or sandy loams, slightly acidic.

Form: single or multi stemmed medium to large size tree. Up to 20m high and 12 m spread.

image4.jpg

Slide 4

Betula papyrifera

Form: single or multi stemmed medium to large size tree. Up to 20m high and 12 m spread.medium texture

Cultivars: (FYI)

‘Chickadee’ - narrow columnar maturing to densely pyramidal (15m x 8 m)slow growingOriginal selection from Beaverlodge

‘Varen’ Prairie Dream Paper Birch - 12m x 8m Resistant to Bronze Birch Borer, Cold hardy, upright oval form

Significant Features …….

http://search.shelmerdine.com

plants.gertens.com/

image28.png image18.png

Speaker Notes

  • http://plants.gertens.com/12070009/Plant/5776/Prairie_Dream_Paper_Birch
  • http://www.netpsplantfinder.com/
  • http://search.shelmerdine.com/11050002/Plant/18758/Chickadee_Paper_Birch

Slide 5

Betula papyrifera

Paper Birch

image5.jpg image17.jpg image24.jpg

Slide 6

Betula papyrifera

Foliage : simple, ovate to rhomboidal, double serrate margins, acuminate tip, truncate to acute base, alternate on stem.

image2.png

Slide 7

Betula papyrifera

Bark : side buds sessile, no terminal bud, young twigs reddish brown, resinous, Prominent lenticels, older bark white, exfoliating.

image12.jpg image3.png image7.png

Speaker Notes

  • https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/tree/paper-birch

Slide 8

Betula papyrifera

Flowers: monoecious catkins (aments)yellowish green to brown as mature

Season of Bloom: early spring before the leaves

https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/tree/paper-birch

Fruit: winged nutlet, light brown, August, will persist into winter

Spread by wind.

image11.jpg image1.jpg image8.jpg image6.jpg

Speaker Notes

  • https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/tree/paper-birch

Slide 9

Betula papyrifera

Landscape Uses

Fall colour, winter architecture and white bark

Reclamation, native plantings

Specimen, small group

Maintenance:

water during dry spells mulch to keep moisture in the soil prune after full leaf or not at all

https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/plantsciences/research/introductions/prairie-dream

image5.jpg image17.jpg

Speaker Notes

  • https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/plantsciences/research/introductions/prairie-dream

Slide 10

image14.jpg image10.jpg image9.jpg image15.jpg image27.jpg image30.png image22.png

Speaker Notes

  • https://www.thetreegeek.com/news/featured/borers/
  • https://www.forestryimages.org/browse/detail.cfm?imgnum=5302066
  • http://www.firstchoicetreecare.com/page/eab
  • forestpests.org

Slide 11

drought

image16.jpg image21.jpg

Slide 12

BETULACEAE

Betula pendula

Slide 13

Betula pendula

European Weeping Birch

Native to Europe and parts of Asia

Hardiness Zone: 2

Exposure: full sun

Soil conditions: prefer moist well drained loam to sandy loams. Are NOT drought tolerant

image20.jpg

Slide 14

Betula pendula

Form: upright rounded with smaller branches ascending.

low headed

Medium tree about 10-15m high x 5 -7 m wide

fine textured

image29.jpg

Slide 15

Betula pendula

Cultivars: (FYI)

Youngii’

‘Gracilis’ – smaller, no main trunk, smaller branches hanging together in bundles, leaves deeply lobed.

‘Lanciniata’ - Cutleaf weeping Birch(‘Crispa’ ‘Dalecarlica’) – open habit, bark becoming black at base, leaves narrow, deeply lobed. Loses leaves before species.

‘Purple Rain’ - purple leaves

Significant Features ……

http://www.hort.uconn.edu/plants/detail.php?pid=67

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WuiUg4vw1K8

image23.jpg image19.png image31.png

Speaker Notes

  • http://www.hort.uconn.edu/plants/detail.php?pid=67

Slide 16

Betula pendula

European Weeping Birch

image20.jpg image34.jpg image25.jpg

Slide 17

Betula pendula

Leaves : simple, double serrate margins, acuminate tip, truncate to acute base

alternate on stem

yellow fall colour

Stems: similar to Paper BirchFlowers: similar to Paper Birch

image44.jpg image43.png image26.jpg

Slide 18

Betula pendula

Landscape Use

specimen for residential yardsmunicipal areas

parks

cemeteries

Problems

Similar to Paper Birch

drought

bronze birch borer

birch leaf miner

Slide 19

BETULACEAE

Betula occidentalis

Slide 20

Betula occidentalis - River Birch

Origin: Alberta Native, throughout western North America, from Yukon and Alaska, south to Colorado and from interior of BC to eastern Manitoba

River Birch in Alberta

Hardiness Zone: 2

Exposure: Full sun to part shade

Soil Conditions: Moisture holding loam/ Sandy loam

moist areas near running water, rivers, streambanks and creeks

Significant Features...

Speaker Notes

  • Synonym B fontinalis - Fountain Birch
  • Moist areas near running water, rivers, streambanks, and creeks

Slide 21

image35.png

Slide 22

Betula occidentalis - River Birch

FORM:

Height and Spread - 6m x 4m

Shape - Large shrub, Mid Size Multi-stem Tree (low headed Oval).

Bark:

Colour: Young twigs warty, gives rise to smooth reddish/brown bark with prominent, cherry-like lenticels. Good winter interest.

image36.jpg image33.png

Speaker Notes

  • Large clump forming shrub or small tree with drooping branchlets - very graceful, called “fountain birch” for a reason!
  • Arrangement - alternate
  • Wood is NOT White, does NOT peel.
  • Lenticels feel like rock salt crystals!

Slide 23

Betula occidentalis - River Birch

FOLIAGE:

Texture - fine, small leaves

rounded, acute tip, serrate margins

Colour - Bright green in summer, yellow autumn colour.

image42.png

Speaker Notes

  • Leaves appear early - right after male catkins

Slide 24

Betula occidentalis

Flower & Fruit:

Type - monoecious catkins, then winged nutlets

Colour - yellow/green, fruit brown.

Season of Bloom - flowers before & with leaves. Fruit dispersed in Fall and early winter.

image39.png

Slide 25

image41.png

Slide 26

Betula occidentalis - River Birch

Landscape Use:

Prefers Moisture

Strong vertical accent/screen

Native sites

Water features, ponds, swales, rain-gardens

Maintenance

Does not do well in dry weather

More resistant to birch leaf miner & bronze birch borer.

Does not like to be alone! Is a nitrogen fixer and pairs well.

image40.png image38.png

Slide 27

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BETULACEAE 2019 (1)

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