Period 1

1. Intro to Turf

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LHAP 106 Turfgrass & Ext Softscape Presentation turf

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Slide 1 LHAP 106 - TESM: Introduction Presentation by School of Environment staff. Adapted by E. Kawahara Slide 2 Intro to T.E.S.M Before we get started… check out Moodle: Instructor Contact Info Presentations, Assignments and Quizzes Printable Module style information Schedule Slide 3 What to Expect... Class starts on time Cell phones on ‘silent’ Participation is encouraged! If I write something on the board, you should write it in your notes If I ask a question and you are not sure of the answer, write it in your notes If I say, “that makes a GREAT test question” write it in your notes If something in a presentation is bold, italicised and/or underlined or highlighted, you should write it in your notes. Some QUIZZES are “Take Home” (see next slide). Assignment due dates are fixed dates and times. (plan ahead with test centre) Final Test is Closed book, in class (to mimic the Provincial Exam) Slide 4 Take Home Quizzes - the rules Quizzes will open the afternoon that we finish a topic and remain open for the weekend, closing at 9:00 PM (don’t leave it to the last minute - plan your weekend). Take home quizzes should not be considered “Open Book” You will have a time limit (2.5x how long it takes ME, unless you have an accomodation) This is enough time for the average student (most write at my speed or faster) This is not enough time for stewing. If unsure, go with your gut, pick an answer, and then flag it for review later. Make sure I know if you have accommodations for extra time When your time is up, it’s up. No mercy. If you finish and you have EXTRA time Go back over your flagged questions and check again You may check your notes see if you can find answers (so yes, they are actually open book if you are a fast writer). To begin with - have a blank piece of paper, a pencil and calculator there (for the math tests). That way you can take notes. Do not take tests on phones or tablets, the formatting is usually crappy. Slide 5 Take Home Quizzes - tips and tricks Treat this like an exam It’s your opportunity to practise for the final which WILL be cumulative (as will the provincial) Study properly, like it's an exam. Make yourself a really good “cheat sheet” / Study guide Isolate the top 5-10 pieces of information about each topic we’ve discussed Use the self checks and reviews - I LITERALLY made them WITH THE QUIZ OPEN IN FRONT OF ME. Make review sheets based on them “Teach” each other or group study using a room in the Hive or the LRC Make sure your notes have pictures and colours, not just words. Your quiz will not be easy, but it WILL be multiple choice. I aim for 40-60% black and white questions I am for 25-30% “in order to answer, you need to know other information” I aim for 10-20% advanced application questions. Generally about half the test will not be in your notes. You will have to apply your knowledge to answer questions. (that’s why the reviews seem so hard). If there’s an issue with the quiz or a specific question, please email me. If you have a problem, email me immediately. I may not answer until the following work day, but I look at timestamps and take them into consideration. (family emergency, internet crash, computer crash…) Slide 6 Questions? Slide 7 Why Turfgrass?? This course emphasizes turf because This is the only time in Technical Training that we discuss it specifically. You will get maintenance and use instruction for all other plants in your ID classes, and A lot of the environmental pollution from our industry is due to improper turf care and snow removal. It is a hot topic in sustainability Urban Heat Island Effect, Carbon capture, Water Purification BUT Water demands, Carbon footprint (of care), Salts pollution A part of the design toolbox Historically provided care for animals Then became a place for repose/indicator of wealth Used as a design feature now Has functional uses The only groundcover for many sporting purposes The best erosion control (sometimes) Pollutant absorption People will ask! Slide 8 Turfgrass ID Turf is the plural and includes the upper medium of growth for the community Module pgs 4-9. You can skip pages 10-12. Slide 9 Turf is made of: The rootzone - soil containing organic matter and microorganisms Thatch - dead and decaying material, along with some vegetative tissues. Includes microorganisms. Found in the space between the soil and vegetative area. Critical for health of the turfgrass stand. Vegetation - the sheath and leaf material Note, we do not consider the inflorescence as part of turf as it is mown off in sports and lawn settings. It is allowed to develop in utility turf, though. Slide 10 Types of Turf Cultural intensity changes depending on the function of the turf stand. Another variable is if it’s a monostand or a polystand. Slide 11 The First Steps in Turf Identification: How are Monocots and Dicots Different? Monocots: Parallel venation, Single cotyledon, flower parts in threes Dicots: Netted venation, Two cotyledons. What is Meristematic Tissue? Where is it normally found in each type of plant? Slide 12 Crown below or at Soil Level Slide 13 Vegetative Reproduction Slide 14 Vegetative Reproduction Continued: Tillers May form bunchy growth Does not have as many regenerative resources Scalping can be devastating. Regenerates most of its root system each spring. Rhizomes Typically provides the best recuperative capacity Adventitious roots are insulated and protected In the spring, they have the competitive advantage Stolons Adventitious shoots May not be very well rooted Can cause patchy / circular growth Also regenerates most of its root system each spring. Slide 15 How To ID a Grass? NICE TO KNOW, not need to know (yet, you may need it in fourth year with Wendy). Flowers! (If they have them… but Turf usually doesn’t) Growth habit can be a good clue Vernation (are they rolled or folded?) Ligule Prominent, not prominent? Auricle Sheath characteristics Colour? Overlapping or split? Blade characteristics Wide/narrow Colour, Glossy/Dull?

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Slide 1

LHAP 106 - TESM:

Introduction

Presentation by School of Environment staff. Adapted by E. Kawahara

Speaker Notes

https://pixabay.com/photos/lawn-grass-mowing-green-nature-768316/
HISTORY… the use of lawns
Originated by livestock grazing close to their dwellings; pastures and turf areas both used for animals and recreation
For ornamental purposes used in Persian gardens; medieval gardens in Europe due to activities of monks; used in areas of reflection, contemplation; green was thought to nourish the eyes
Queen Eleanor’s thirteenth-century garden – filled with turf in the center “filled with turf, because the expanse of green in a garden serves the same purpose as space in art, silence in music, or a pause in speech
Rise of the American lawn – page 3
Still creates a sense of rest for the eye
Sports turf: Originally Polo – played on Persian lawns; then lacrosse, soccer, cricket, rugby, croquet, lawn tennis, lawn bowling

Slide 2

Intro to T.E.S.M

Before we get started… check out Moodle:

Instructor Contact Info

Presentations, Assignments and Quizzes

Printable Module style information

Schedule

Slide 3

What to Expect...

Class starts on time

Cell phones on ‘silent’

Participation is encouraged!

If I write something on the board, you should write it in your notes

If I ask a question and you are not sure of the answer, write it in your notes

If I say, “that makes a GREAT test question” write it in your notes

If something in a presentation is bold, italicised and/or underlined or highlighted, you should write it in your notes.

Some QUIZZES are “Take Home” (see next slide).

Assignment due dates are fixed dates and times. (plan ahead with test centre)

Final Test is Closed book, in class (to mimic the Provincial Exam)

Slide 4

Take Home Quizzes - the rules

Quizzes will open the afternoon that we finish a topic and remain open for the weekend, closing at 9:00 PM (don’t leave it to the last minute - plan your weekend).

Take home quizzes should not be considered “Open Book”

You will have a time limit (2.5x how long it takes ME, unless you have an accomodation)

This is enough time for the average student (most write at my speed or faster)

This is not enough time for stewing. If unsure, go with your gut, pick an answer, and then flag it for review later.

Make sure I know if you have accommodations for extra time

When your time is up, it’s up. No mercy.

If you finish and you have EXTRA time

Go back over your flagged questions and check again

You may check your notes see if you can find answers (so yes, they are actually open book if you are a fast writer).

To begin with - have a blank piece of paper, a pencil and calculator there (for the math tests). That way you can take notes. Do not take tests on phones or tablets, the formatting is usually crappy.

Slide 5

Take Home Quizzes - tips and tricks

Treat this like an exam

It’s your opportunity to practise for the final which WILL be cumulative (as will the provincial)

Study properly, like it's an exam.

Make yourself a really good “cheat sheet” / Study guide

Isolate the top 5-10 pieces of information about each topic we’ve discussed

Use the self checks and reviews - I LITERALLY made them WITH THE QUIZ OPEN IN FRONT OF ME.

Make review sheets based on them

“Teach” each other or group study using a room in the Hive or the LRC

Make sure your notes have pictures and colours, not just words.

Your quiz will not be easy, but it WILL be multiple choice.

I aim for 40-60% black and white questions

I am for 25-30% “in order to answer, you need to know other information”

I aim for 10-20% advanced application questions.

Generally about half the test will not be in your notes. You will have to apply your knowledge to answer questions. (that’s why the reviews seem so hard).

If there’s an issue with the quiz or a specific question, please email me.

If you have a problem, email me immediately. I may not answer until the following work day, but I look at timestamps and take them into consideration. (family emergency, internet crash, computer crash…)

Slide 6

Questions?

Slide 7

Why Turfgrass??

This course emphasizes turf because

This is the only time in Technical Training that we discuss it specifically.

You will get maintenance and use instruction for all other plants in your ID classes, and

A lot of the environmental pollution from our industry is due to improper turf care and snow removal.

It is a hot topic in sustainability

Urban Heat Island Effect, Carbon capture, Water Purification BUT

Water demands, Carbon footprint (of care), Salts pollution

A part of the design toolbox

Historically provided care for animals

Then became a place for repose/indicator of wealth

Used as a design feature now

Has functional uses

The only groundcover for many sporting purposes

The best erosion control (sometimes)

Pollutant absorption

People will ask!

Slide 8

Turfgrass ID

Turf is the plural and includes the upper medium of growth for the community

Module pgs 4-9. You can skip pages 10-12.

Speaker Notes

NOTE a distinction made between “Turf” and “Lawn”
Turf refers to TURFGRASS - the word Turf really is a common name, but it should be reserved for members of the POACEAE family… and specifically it refers to the community of grasses.
A native grass stand would not be called turf. It implies cultural intensity of some level.
LAWN is really synonymous with “organic groundcover” any mown surface of primarily green plants can be called “lawn”.

Slide 9

Turf is made of:

The rootzone - soil containing organic matter and microorganisms

Thatch - dead and decaying material, along with some vegetative tissues. Includes microorganisms. Found in the space between the soil and vegetative area. Critical for health of the turfgrass stand.

Vegetation - the sheath and leaf material

Note, we do not consider the inflorescence as part of turf as it is mown off in sports and lawn settings. It is allowed to develop in utility turf, though.

Slide 10

Types of Turf

Cultural intensity changes depending on the function of the turf stand.

Another variable is if it’s a monostand or a polystand.

Speaker Notes

Cultural intensity defined: our maintenance practices (mowing, watering, fertilizing, etc) described as - low, medium, and high
Think of Low CI as “I do not apply much intensity to the cultivation of this plant crop”.
UTILITY TURF
Primary use: Soil stabilization
Fibrous roots act to prevent erosion from wind and water
Aerial shoots stabilize soil and provide a cooling effect in warm weather
On roadsides; absorb toxic emissions providing a cleansing effect
On airport runways act to inhibit and prevent dust - prolongs engine life
transpirational cooling - think of lying on a cool lawn on a hot day.
LAWN TURF
Decorative in function
Used for areas for recreational activities, relaxation
SPORTS TURF
Football, baseball, soccer, golf, tennis etc.

Slide 11

The First Steps in Turf Identification:

How are Monocots and Dicots Different?

Monocots:

Parallel venation, Single cotyledon, flower parts in threes

Dicots:

Netted venation, Two cotyledons.

What is Meristematic Tissue?

Where is it normally found in each type of plant?

Speaker Notes

Turfgrass – can take frequent mowing because leaf formation continues after defoliation (due to intercalary meristems - meristematic tissue in the intercalary spaces, above the nodes). With vegetative growth, meristematic tissue remain near the ground surface and below the blades.
Tolerance to frequent defoliation by mowing and to traffic is a unique feature of turfgrass – possible because of the position of the growing point atop an elongated stem (crown) located at or near the surface of the ground; leaves continually arise from the growing point; if it changes and a flower emerges, the plant will eventually die; “Axillary buds located at nodes along the crown develop into new tillers that emerge from within enclosing leaf sheaths; or you can get axillary buds giving rise to rhizomes or stolons; these can then give rise to new shoots.
Because the meristem is at the end of the twigs and branches in a dicot, if you "mow" the dicot, you cut off the source of growth and new growing points must emerge from buds along the stem. Dormant buds contain inactive meristems that begin growth when the buds above it are removed. In monocots, since the growing point (meristem) is at ground level, you can cut the tips of the leaves and the meristem just continues producing new cells which enlarge and push the leaf blade up from the bottom. Therefore, you can mow the monocot grass but not the dicot.
This also explains the reason for careful pruning of dicots so that new growth from dormant buds is activated in the desired manner. This is a very limited discussion of a much more complex process, but I hope it helps you have a little better understanding of why you can mow grasses daily even, but not roses.
http://www.files.ahnrit.vt.edu/files/flash/howgrassgrows/howgrassgrows.swf

Slide 12

Crown below or at Soil Level

Speaker Notes

This shows the primary location of the meristematic tissue (we know there are other locations of MT elsewhere)

Slide 13

Vegetative Reproduction

Speaker Notes

Rhizomes and stolons are creeping stems from which roots develop. Knowing the type of production most common gives some indication of plant resilience (next slide)

Slide 14

Vegetative Reproduction Continued:

Tillers

May form bunchy growth

Does not have as many regenerative resources

Scalping can be devastating.

Regenerates most of its root system each spring.

Rhizomes

Typically provides the best recuperative capacity

Adventitious roots are insulated and protected

In the spring, they have the competitive advantage

Stolons

Adventitious shoots

May not be very well rooted

Can cause patchy / circular growth

Also regenerates most of its root system each spring.

Speaker Notes

Tillers - consider the implications of scalping if the new vegetation forms just above the crown!
Interestingly, KB rhizomes actually grow in a circular motion, boring through clay soils!

Slide 15

How To ID a Grass?

NICE TO KNOW, not need to know (yet, you may need it in fourth year with Wendy).

Flowers! (If they have them… but Turf usually doesn’t)

Growth habit can be a good clue

Vernation (are they rolled or folded?)

Ligule

Prominent, not prominent?

Auricle

Sheath characteristics

Colour?

Overlapping or split?

Blade characteristics

Wide/narrow

Colour, Glossy/Dull?

Links Found

URLs discovered in the source file.

https://pixabay.com/photos/lawn-grass-mowing-green-nature-768316/

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1. Intro to Turf

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