Sub surface drainage presentation

Let's Rock! There are 2 main types of drainage systems. Surface and Subsurface. Blah blah intro needs more. —------------------------------------------------------------this will be a slide division. Although Subsurface drainage systems primarily deal with the relocation of surface water, there are 2 main types of drainage systems that most people will probably never see without using a shovel or excavator. These are: Relief drainage and Interception drainage systems.. —----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Relief drainage Relief drains are used in two ways: to remove surface water from a mostly flat area, and to lower an existing water table. The drain itself should be located as close to the middle of the wet area as possible, and can drain either parallel or perpendicular to groundwater flow. The idea behind a relief drain is to remove the water before it causes problems by collecting and redistributing the surface and subsurface water away. You can think of them as being “emergency relief” because they are meant to quickly deal with new water that would otherwise cause erosion, building and structural damage, and stormwater system overloads. —-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This herringbone drainage design is an example of relief drainage under a sports field: the lateral feeder pipes take excess surface water into the central pipe to be relocated either to stormwater drains or to irrigation. There can be multiple herringbones if needed. If this water isn’t relocated, the turf will become inundated past field capacity and create a negative environment for roots and microbacteria. Inundation can also lead to unstable sports surfaces and soil compaction with its inherent issues. —-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Relief drainage is used to drain swamps and fens, and is used in places like Redwood meadows, which is located on the upper flood-plain of the Elbow River to relocate groundwater from both the golf-course and the hamlet. This type of drainage is also used to redirect the spring water that surfaces many yards away from house foundations and roads. Relief drainage is often used to remove water from the gutters of houses as well. (pic of water spraying through a broken foundation into a basement soaking a guy?) —----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Interception Drainage Interception drainage is mostly used on hills to redirect the downward flow of the subsoil water. It is generally laid perpendicular to the downward flow of water singley or at intervals up the hill. It can be paired with relief drainage at the low point of the water flow. Without interception drainage, erosion, soil loss, and even landslides are possible outcomes. This type of drainage protects low-lying areas from becoming boggy and hills from being eroded. Combined with massive pumping and desalination plants, interception drains inside of dikes could be used to mitigate increasing tide levels in coastal areas. (pic of landslides not beside rivers? Or hill erosion) ​​ —------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Both of these drainage systems can use any of the following technologies: Weeping tile French Drain Corrugated pipe Perforated PVC pipe Culverts Concrete pipes Catch basins, trenches, and cisterns. —------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Weeping tile and French drain (insert picture) Weeping Tile is named for the terracotta it used to be made of, and is a type of french drain (by most accounts). It consists of a trench at least 1.2m or 48” below the soil surface and proper technique in our climate is as follows: Non-woven textile fabric is laid in over a trench 1.2m deep and at least 30 cm wide. 4-6” perforated/corrugated pipe is laid at the bottom of the trench with no rock under it and at least a 2% slope. There is research to show that stone, silt, or fines under the drain is an opportunity for frost heaves to push the pipe upwards, ruining your slope and causing slow or negative drainage flow. The pipe must be connected to stormwater outflow, a sump system, or other relocation system such as irrigation or bioswales. After connection and slope adjustment, the lined trench can be filled with washed, fine-free, river stones or gravel from 3-7.5 cm in diameter. Do not pack or tamp. Leave room to replace topsoil and sod. Close the fabric over the stone and secure it like a burrito so that no soil or sediment can infiltrate the drain. A wet, really crunchy burrito. Replace topsoil and/or sod. The non-woven drainage fabric will siphon excess water from the perched water table in the soil, at, or just before total saturation. (picture of a piece of delicious cake maybe) or probably a diagram of a french drain. Boring. —------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- “Water - Water everywhere, but much… too much to drink.” ~Someone Clever, probably (whimsical image of lots of water) —---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sustainability Now that we’ve looked at the collection of water into subsurface drainage systems, let's take a look at where that water goes… or more importantly, how it gets there. Drainage systems must relocate water, using gravity to one of six destinations: Stormwater or sewage municipal systems Natural or artificial Aquifers Natural and artificial Bio Absorption systems Irrigation systems Collection and storage systems such as catch basins and cisterns Back into the watershed. —-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The destination of your drainage system will depend on whether drainage water needs to be treated before it is returned to the watershed. Other requirements determined by various stakeholders: Government, Utilities, Ecological holdings and interests, Agriculture interests Other private interests, Contractor abilities and competencies Available handling systems Sustainability issues such as pollutants and volume of drainage And of course, cost. Municipal governments in CanadaCanada determine how most residential drainage is managed, so your mileage may vary. All of the above points will vary according to the municipality you are working in. (Ecology themed pic, or a short clip of the theme from “Lorne Greene’s new wilderness” show)facking iconic. Lorne Greene's New Wilderness Intro 1984 (Canada) —------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Conclusion A properly installed landscape drainage system should last several decades with current techniques, baring compaction, vehicular traffic, or cataclysmic upheaval. Subsurface drainage has potential to replenish valuable subterranean aquifers and revitalize arid land while saving homes and buildings from foundation damage and subsidence. Or, you know, we could just dump it down the drain. —---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Installing French Drains (Sub-Surface Trenches)can be “curtain drain” around the perimeter of a property or flood protected area A French Drain is a trench system that is designed to redirect water away from areas where it can cause damage, such as near foundations, yards, or gardens. It's typically made of a perforated pipe surrounded by gravel or stone. How It Works: The perforated pipe in the French drain collects water from the surrounding soil. The water is then directed away from your home or landscape, usually into a stormwater drain or a safe drainage area. The trench allows water to flow freely into the pipe, while the gravel or rock provides filtration, preventing debris from clogging the system. Steps for Installing a French Drain: Planning and Excavation: Location: Identify the areas where water tends to collect or where it poses a risk to your landscape or foundation. Slope: Ensure the trench slopes downhill (1–2% grade) so that water naturally flows to the drainage area. Excavate the trench: Dig a trench that is about 6–12 inches wide and at least 18–24 inches deep. The trench should be dug to a level where the water will drain away from the area. Install Landscape Fabric: Line the trench with landscape fabric to prevent soil from entering the gravel or pipe, which could cause blockages. Add Gravel or Rock: Add a few inches of gravel to the bottom of the trench to allow water to easily flow into the pipe. Lay the Perforated Pipe: Install a perforated pipe on top of the gravel. Make sure the holes in the pipe face downward, so water enters from below. Connect multiple sections of pipe if needed to extend the drain to the desired location. Cover with Gravel: Cover the pipe with additional gravel or stone, ensuring that it’s fully surrounded to allow water to flow easily into the pipe. Install More Landscape Fabric: Fold the fabric over the gravel to keep it in place, then backfill the trench with soil, leaving it level with the surrounding landscape or ground. Ensure Proper Outflow: The water needs to have a designated exit point, whether that's a stormwater drain, a dry well, or a lower-lying area on the property where it won’t cause flooding. Ensure that the outlet is positioned so that the water is carried away from the foundation and landscaped areas. Benefits of French Drains: Prevents water from pooling near foundations or in yards. Improves soil drainage, reducing erosion and promoting healthier landscaping. Can be installed to manage both groundwater and surface runoff. 2. Installing Sump Pits and Pumps A sump pit is typically installed in the lowest part of a basement or yard to collect water. A sump pump is placed in the pit to pump the water out of the area when it reaches a certain level. How It Works: As water accumulates in the sump pit, a sump pump activates to move the water through an outlet pipe and direct it away from the property, usually to a stormwater drain or other safe drainage area. Stormwater drains are often connected to the sump pump to provide an efficient way to move water off your property. Steps for Installing a Sump Pit and Pump: Choose a Location: Install the sump pit at the lowest point in the area, where water naturally accumulates (usually near a foundation wall or in a low-lying part of the landscape). Excavate the Pit: Dig a pit large enough to hold the sump basin and pump. The pit should be deep enough to hold the pump and provide space for water to collect. The size will depend on the area you are draining and the volume of water you expect to collect. Install the Sump Basin: Place the sump basin in the hole, making sure it’s level and positioned securely. The basin should have a perforated wall or screen for water to enter but prevent sediment from clogging the system. Install the Sump Pump: Place the sump pump inside the sump basin. Ensure the pump is rated for the volume of water expected, and that it’s capable of pumping water at the required flow rate. The pump will automatically turn on when the water level in the pit rises to a preset level. Connect the Discharge Pipe: Attach a discharge pipe to the pump that leads away from the house or structure. This pipe will direct the water to an appropriate drainage location, such as a stormwater drain, dry well, or landscaped area. Make sure the pipe slopes away from the property to avoid any backflow. Test the System: Once the sump pit and pump are installed, test the system by adding water to the pit to ensure the pump activates and moves the water properly to the outflow location. Seal the Pit: Once everything is set up and working, cover the pit with a secure lid to prevent debris or animals from entering the system. Some pits have vented lids to allow air circulation. Benefits of Sump Pits and Pumps: Prevents basement or yard flooding. Automatically removes excess water that accumulates in low areas. Reduces the risk of mold, mildew, and water damage in basements or crawl spaces. 3. Integrating Stormwater Drains Stormwater drains (also known as catch basins or culverts) are designed to collect rainwater and direct it away from your property. These drains are typically part of a larger municipal stormwater management system, but they can also be integrated into private landscapes. How Stormwater Drains Work: Water is collected in catch basins (grated inlets in the ground), which feed into underground pipes that carry the water to a safe outflow location (e.g., a local stormwater system or a dry well). Stormwater drains are typically connected to French drains and sump pumps to move large volumes of water efficiently away from a property. How to Integrate Stormwater Drains: Identify Drainage Paths: Design a drainage system that connects the French drains and sump pumps to existing stormwater drains, culverts, or catch basins. Install Catch Basins: If you're creating a new system, you can install catch basins at low points or in areas where water tends to pool. These basins collect the water and funnel it into the drainage pipes. Connect the System: Connect the catch basins, French drains, and sump pumps to a single outflow pipe that leads to an external drainage location. Ensure the entire system has a continuous slope to prevent backflow. Benefits of Stormwater Drains: Handles large amounts of water from storms and runoff. Reduces the likelihood of flooding by efficiently moving water off the property. Can be integrated into both new and existing landscapes. Combining These Systems for Maximum Effectiveness: For optimal water management, combining French drains, sump pits with pumps, and stormwater drains can be an effective strategy, especially in areas prone to heavy rainfall or high water tables. French Drains intercept groundwater and surface water, moving it into a sump pit if necessary. The Sump Pit collects water from these drains and automatically pumps it away from the property. Stormwater Drains collect rainwater and surface runoff from both natural and constructed drainage systems, directing it away from your landscape. By combining these systems, you can ensure that your landscape remains dry, healthy, and free from the risk of water damage or erosion. Regular maintenance, such as cleaning the drains and testing the sump pump, will keep your system working efficiently. Note to self: Find most used products for these applications . and add. https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/chethan-77000371/77000371#4 another source explaining sub-surface drainage 4 types of subsurface drainage corrugated and PVC slotted subsurface pipes. mole drainage (including mole drains, mole drains over collector pipe systems and gravel mole drains) interceptor drains. https://agriculture.vic.gov.au/livestock-and-animals/dairy/managing-wet-soils/types-of-subsurface-drainage-systems#moleDrainsOverCollectorPipeSystems Video: 1)https://www.google.com/search?q=vedios+of+subsurface+draingage+products&rlz=1CAKVUA_enCA1131CA1131&oq=vedios+of+subsurface+draingage+products&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIJCAEQIRgKGKABMgkIAhAhGAoYoAHSAQoyMjI4N2owajE1qAIIsAIB&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#fpstate=ive&vld=cid:d87d2432,vid:EeZ0NRNHGXw,st:0 2)underground drainage https://youtu.be/D9uuWC5lVnE?feature=shared 3) how to instal a french drain https://youtu.be/g27hGFiPObM?feature=shared 4)catch basin installation https://youtu.be/gn3hlG_XeNQ?feature=shared 5)french drain with catch basin https://youtu.be/9LhypCxXkZk?feature=shared