SHP 304 Deciduous Trees

Slide 1 LHAP 303 SHP Deciduous Trees Ohio Buckeye, Maples (small and large), Oaks, Elms, Willows, Tree Lilac, Butternut, Linden Slide 2 SAPINDACEAE The Soapberry Family Slide 3 Family Characteristics Woodies - mostly tropical Leaves usually alternate Often pinnately compound leaves Flowers small Fruit Variable Recent additions: ACERACEAE & HIPPOCASTANACEAE Slide 4 Aesculus glabra - Ohio Buckeye Origin: Native in Eastern US Hardiness Zone: 3 Exposure: Full Sun Soil Conditions: widely adapted, slow in wet and heavy clay. Significant Features... Slide 5 Aesculus glabra - Ohio Buckeye FOLIAGE/FORM: Height and Spread - 9m x 7m - moderate to slow rate of growth Shape - Rounded, low headed Foliage - Palmately compound, entire to slightly serrated margins. Chestnut-like with prominent veins Fall colour - Red JANDREASON BMURRAY Slide 6 Slide 7 Aesculus glabra - Ohio Buckeye BUD/BARK: Young Bark - dull red/brown, aromatic when bruised Mature Bark - Grey and Markedly split Buds - layers of opposing scales Slide 8 Slide 9 Winter feature - still maintains a fairly dense canopy. Relatively coarse textured with fairly attractive architecture. Slide 10 Aesculus glabra - Ohio Buckeye Flower & Fruit: Flower: Panicle, yellow-white, orchid like blooms in early summer with leaves Fruit: “Bald skulls” - knobby, nearly round and smooth with spines - poisonous if ingested. Slide 11 Two Ohio Buckeyes in bloom. Note how wide they are compared to height, you can see the compound leaves and large inflorescence. Flower time corresponds with Syringa (in white) and Lonicera (pink). Slide 12 Aesculus glabra - Ohio Buckeye Landscape Use: Smaller Sites (slow growth) Late Spring/Fall interest Dense Canopy Pollinators Maintenance: Premature leaf drop (especially if dry or not draining) Messy fruit (poison?) Slide 13 Slide 14 Slide 15 Another SAPINDACEAE genus Slide 16 Acer ginnala - Amur Maple Origin: Central/North China Hardiness Zone: 2 (may spontaneously fail) Exposure: Part Shade to Full Sun Soil Conditions: Moist, well drained. Mildly acidic. Significant Features... Slide 17 Acer ginnala - Amur Maple Slide 18 Acer ginnala - Amur Maple FOLIAGE/FORM: Height and Spread - Small Tree Shape - Can be multi-stem. Irregular Foliage - simple, 3 lobed, coarsely serrate. Middle lobe distinctly longer than side lobes. Fall Colour - Brilliant Red / orange Slide 19 Acer ginnala - Amur Maple BUD/BARK: Buds - opposite, small and pointed. Texture - Fine Texture / twiggy (often has hair-like, very slender side shoots) Colour - smooth, light grey older bark, new wood has reddish hue. Slide 20 TMuirhead Slide 21 Acer ginnala - Amur Maple Flower & Fruit: Flower: Panicle, yellow-white. In late spring, with leaves. Fruit: Two winged samara (red when immature, turns brown) Slide 22 Slide 23 A mature sample, note the persistent seeds (sounds like water when the wind rustles them) and the epicormics at the base (wants to be a shrub) as well as the wide spread. New wood is red-tinged and buds are tight and small. Shaggy growth habit, opposite attachment. Slide 24 Acer ginnala - Amur Maple Landscape Use: Small Sites Full season interest if pruned Oriental landscapes Maintenance: Seeds will grow in wood mulch Check for dieback in spring Trim any errant growth Prune in summer (fluid loss) Slide 25 Acer tataricum - Tatarian Maple Origin: West Asia / SE Europe Hardiness Zone: 2 (hardier than A. ginnala) Exposure: Part Shade to Full Sun Soil Conditions: Moist, well drained. Mildly acidic. (Forest tree) Significant Features... Slide 26 Acer tataricum - Tatarian Maple FOLIAGE/FORM: Height and Spread - Small tree: taller than A. ginnala Shape - Irregular / shaggy Foliage - simple, barely 3 lobed, coarsely serrate. Middle lobe slightly longer, but leaves are wider than A. ginnala Fall Colour - Not as striking as A. ginnala Slide 27 Acer tataricum - Tatarian Maple BUD/BARK: Buds - opposite, small. Texture - Fine Texture / twiggy Colour - smooth, light grey older bark. Slide 28 Acer tataricum - Tatarian Maple Flower & Fruit: Flower: Panicle, yellow-white. In spring, with leaves. Fruit: Two winged samara - immature are red in June and stay red through the summer. (Cultivar Hot Wings) Slide 29 Acer tataricum - Tatarian Maple Landscape Use: Small Sites Summer interest (winter interest seeds?) Oriental landscapes (seeds/pruning) Maintenance: Seeds will grow in wood mulch Trim any errant growth Prune in summer (fluid loss) Slide 30 Acer glabrum - Rocky Mountain Maple Native to Canada. Small shrub/tree. Orange Fall colour. Acer rubrum - Red Maple Z2 Maple. Red spring blooms, bright green leaves. Red Fall colour. Prefers acidic soil Slide 31 Acer saccharum - Sugar Maple Acer Saccharinum - Silver Maple Slide 32 FAGACEAE The Beech Family ASCHILL Slide 33 Family Characteristics Woody species Simple leaves (often lobed) Alternate attachment Typically Monoecious Flowers apetalous Fruit is a nut Contain tannic acid Slide 34 Quercus Macrocarpa - Bur Oak Origin: Native to Eastern Saskatchewan and Manitoba Hardiness Zone: Zone 2 Exposure: Part to Full Sun Soil Conditions: Tolerates many soils and pollutants, VERY Long lived tree (hundreds of years) Significant Features... Slide 35 Quercus Macrocarpa - Bur Oak Slide 36 Quercus Macrocarpa - Bur Oak FOLIAGE/FORM: Height and Spread - 15m x 9m (large, but takes a long time to get there) Shape - slower growing, high headed Foliage - lobed Oak leaf. Terminal lobe much larger, deeper below middle. Fine hairs on underside. Fall colour - yellow - brown. Slide 37 Quercus Macrocarpa - Bur Oak FRUIT: Fruit - small acorn, nearly sessile. Cap encompasses more than ½ the nut. Fringed upper scales. BUD/BARK: Young Bark - young shoots densely pubescent. Mature Bark - rough, becomes deeply furrowed into scaly ridges. Buds - blunt tips, hairy, cluster of terminals at the top Slide 38 Note the cluster of terminal buds. Slide 39 Slide 40 Quercus Macrocarpa - Bur Oak Landscape Use: Winter interest (bark) Pollution tolerant Chinook tolerant Specimen Maintenance Difficult to transplant when older Oak Galls (click here) - leaves & wood Slide 41 Quercus ellipsoidalis - Northern Pin Oak Quercus rubra borealis maxima - Northern Red Oak Slide 42 OLEACEAE The Olive Family Slide 43 Family Characteristics Stems Woody Leaves opposite (mostly) Flowers perfect 4 Sepals, 4 petals (united) 2 Stamens Fruit is capsule, seeds or drupe Slide 44 Fraxinus species - The Ashes Origin: Nigra & Pennsylvanica - Native to Canada. Mandshurica is introduced. Note - due to Cottony Psyllid especially, Black and Manchurian Ashes are not nearly as common as the new Green Ash cultivars (F. pennsylvanica), White Ash (F. americana), and European Ash) Hardiness Zone: 2/3 Exposure: Part Shade - Full Sun Soil Conditions: Moist, organic soil Significant Features... Slide 45 How do you know you’re looking at an Ash? Tropical looking, Pinnately Compound Foliage Opposite attachment - terminal buds like a chocolate chip with two lower lateral buds Mature bark with fine textured, vertical furrows Sometimes messy structure, otherwise just looks like an oval tree… Females have a single ‘canoe paddle’ samara Slide 46 Fraxinus species - The Ashes Flower & Fruit: Dioecious Flowers. Flowers before leaves. Single Samara. Samaras Messy. Slide 47 Manchurian Black Slide 48 Fraxinus species - The Ashes FORM: Height and Spread - Large trees (if they live long enough) 10-15m x 4-10m. Shape - High Headed Oval FOLIAGE: Tropical, pinnately compound, leaflets acute tipped. Late to leaf out and first to drop. Fall colour: Yellow (F. americana ‘Nobility’ is red) Leaflet count varies by cultivar. Some cultivars are sessile leaflets. F.mandchurica has rusty coloured collection of hairs in leaflet axils. Slide 49 F. mandshurica F. nigra ASchill Slide 50 mandshurica on the bottom, nigra on top. Slide 51 Fraxinus species - The Ashes BUD/BARK: pennsylvanica - Buds dark rusty brown & wooly. Leaf scar nearly straight across. Young stems pubescent. Greenish turning grey. Bark in tight, furrowed ridges. nigra - Terminal buds black & prominent. Side buds below terminal. Young stems terete. Bark is scaly, flaky, not furrowed. Light coloured new bark. mandshurica - Buds black. Young stems distinctly flattened. Slide 52 F.mandshurica Slide 53 F. Nigra Slide 54 F. Pennsylvanica Slide 55 F. americana and F. excelsior are also species that are available for Zones 2 and 3 climates… So… Why pick an Ash? Slide 56 Fraxinus species - The Ashes Landscape Use: Tropical style plantings / Textural contrast Higher headed Street trees Fall Colour (yellow/red) Hardy… if you can control/prevent the pests Slide 57 F. americana ‘Nobility’ - red in Fall… Slide 58 When they’re doing well, they are really nice trees - tight form, textural contrast, good backdrop plant. What else do you recognize in this photo? Slide 59 Slide 60 Fraxinus - The Ashes Maintenance - bugs! Cottony psyllid (Black and Manchurian) Ash Bark Beetle Ash flower gall mite (Attacks male flowers) Emerald Ash borer Slide 61 ASchill Slide 62 “Tropical” leaves (11 leaflets), red hairs in joints Black buds, flattened stems Note the tipkill! Slide 63 Syringa reticulata - Japanese Tree Lilac Slide 64 Syringa reticulata - Japanese Tree Lilac Origin: Manchuria, Northern China Hardiness Zone: 2 Exposure: Full sun Soil Conditions: Well drained loam Significant Features... Slide 65 Syringa reticulata - Japanese Tree Lilac Slide 66 Syringa reticulata Japanese Tree Lilac FOLIAGE/FORM/BARK: Height and Spread - 5m x 4m Note: rate of growth is fairly slow. Shape - Pyramidal - Round Foliage - simple, ovate, narrow (lilac leaf!) Bark - smooth and grey Slide 67 Winter structure - spring is often an ugly time of year in Alberta landscapes. This Tree lilac is rarely pruned. It provides structure and interesting architecture in otherwise bleak time of year. Slide 68 Syringa reticulata: Japanese Tree Lilac Flower & Fruit: Type - Terminal panicle Colour - Creamy White Season - Summer (late June/early July) Fruit - capsule, same as lilac shrub Slide 69 Winter Interest Slide 70 Syringa reticulata - Japanese Tree Lilac Landscape Use: Small Sites Low Maintenance (no mess) Specimen Winter feature (architecture and dry fruit) Japanese Garden (bonsai) Slide 71 Syringa reticulata - Japanese Tree Lilac Maintenance May be suckers (planted too deep) Shape for winter architecture (can have irregular form) No insect pests to note Slide 72 Slide 73 JUGLANDACEAE SCHILL SCHILL SCHILL SCHILL SCHILL http://tidcf.nrcan.gc.ca Walnut Family Aromatic trees Pinnate leaves Walnut-like fruits Slide 74 Juglans cinerea Butternut Origin - US and SE Canada Hardiness - Z2 Exposure - Full Sun Soil - Moist, rich, deep soil (tolerates sandy, acidic and infertile) Slide 75 Location: NW Calgary Age: 30-35 years? Exposure / soil: Sheltered, part shade. Organic, deeper soil. Slide 76 Juglans cinerea - Butternut Form - 12m x 12 m Leaves - pinnately compound, 11-10 sessile leaflets, pubescent and green. Yellow Fall colour. Slide 77 Juglans cinerea - Butternut Buds - large and downy Stems - reddish to grey-green, pubescent to smooth Bark - grey and furrowed - whitish colour. Other - distinct leaf scar (what do you see?) Slide 78 Juglans cinerea - Butternut Flower - Monoecious male catkins, female terminal spike Fruit - nuts in husk with sticky hairs. Sweet and oily - used for black dye Dried fruits have the same smell as the cut wood sweet and nutty… like a brand new guitar… Slide 79 Slide 80 Slide 81 Juglans cinerea - Butternut Landscape Use Specimen or small grouping Canopy eventually loose, open and wide spreading Yellow Fall Colour Plant in protected area, prune late winter Tropical Effect / Textural Contrast Attracts butterflies Food Forest Allelopathic? Slide 82 Maintenance Lower maintenance Tree when planted in preferred growing conditions. No pests noted. Juglans cinerea - Butternut Slide 83 SCHILL 2011 MALVACEAE Mallow family Think Hollyhock and Hibiscus! (or round leaf mallow) Funnel shape flower with column of stamens Mucilaginous (slimy) sap Many are edible (except cotton) Formerly TILIACEAE Slide 84 Tilia species Linden ASCHILL Slide 85 Tilia species - Linden Origin - Asia, Europe, Eastern North America Hardiness - Zone 2 Dropmore - Hybrid of T. americana and T. cordata, for the prairies T. americana, cordata, flavescens ‘ Dropmore, x mongolica are all Z2 or Z3 Exposure - Full Sun (mostly) Soil - Prefers drainage and consistent moisture Slide 86 Tilia species - Linden Foliage - Large and veiny leaves, simple, some cordate Other - Green in summer, showy yellow fall colour. Form - Tall, high headed, pyramidal (street tree) Size - variable by species (8-15m high x 4-10 m wide) Other - Dropmore especially has dominant 2 dimensional form that radiates at maturity (see next slide photo) ASCHILL Slide 87 Tilia species - Linden Buds - round and shiny, sitting on small shelf on stems Bark - smooth, slightly furrowed, light brownish grey Slide 88 Tilia species - Linden Flower - Small, dainty yellow cymes in later summer Note - some note them as fragrant Fruit - Round seeds, pubescent covered by long bract ASCHILL Slide 89 Left Photo taken July 28, 2024. Linden on Campus in full flower. Photo Right, taken late summer 2025 Tree was planted roughly 10 years prior as a basketed tree and has nearly doubled in size. Slide 90 CHILL ASCHILL Slide 91 Tilia species - Linden Landscape Use Narrow sites Form - pyramid Non-messy, hardy tree Fall contrast Pollinator attractant Slide 92 Tilia species - Linden Maintenance Easy to cut (while pruning) only need to remove dead branches Maintain form by removing co-dominants early Sunscald Slide 93 SALICACEAE The Willow Family Slide 94 Family Characteristics Many in the Northern Hemisphere Willows, Poplars, Aspens Simple, alternate leaves Apetalous imperfect catkins; dioecious Woody species Many with medicinal properties (ASA in willow buds) Slide 95 Salix Species - Willow TREES S. pentandra - Laurel Leaf Willow S. alba var vitellina - Golden Willow S. alba sibirica - Silver Leaf Willow S x ‘Northern Fountain’ or ‘Prairie Cascade’ - Weeping Slide 96 Salix Species - Willow TREES Origin: Europe, North Africa, Asia, Cultivated… Hardiness Zone: 2 or 3 Exposure: Full sun to part shade Soil Conditions: Prefers high moisture FOLIAGE: Single, entire margin FORM: Large Trees FLOWER: Catkins & Fluffy (silky) seeds OTHER: “Self Pruning”, look for twisting old bark, bright new bark, ONE bud scale (poplars have 2) Slide 97 Salix pentandra - Laurel Leaf Willow GENERAL: Classic shelterbelt tree, Z2 and grows fast Tolerates short term flooding HUGE canopy - low headed & graceful 15-20 m x 15 - 20 m - very large tree FOLIAGE and FLOWER Glossy green upper, pale beneath Midrib yellow, aromatic when bruised Catkin dioecious & Green Slide 98 Salix pentandra - Laurel Leaf Willow Bark: Twigs glossy, brown green Buds yellow Maintenance and Use Shelterbelt/Windbreak Mass planting - Large sites - mulch beds. Softwood easily damaged in wind - “self pruning” Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in buds Slide 99 Beautiful as an Estate Style Tree, but a HUGE pain to mow with the shedding branchlets… Slide 100 Salix alba var Vitellina - Golden Willow GENERAL: Round topped clump or single trunk 15m x 12m - fast growing Needs full sun for best colour & moisture FOLIAGE and FLOWER Lanceolate leaves, fine toothed, silky beneath Yellow fall colour Catkins arrive with leaves. Slide 101 Salix alba var Vitellina - Golden Willow Bark: Smooth, shiny, tips red and changing to yellow Twigs bright yellow Maintenance and Use Grown for coppicing Winter interest (nice with Red Osier Dogwood) Stunning Shelterbelt Bamboo like effect Erosion control Slide 102 Golden Willow in dormancy (note the yellow accent). Slide 103 Salix alba sibirica - Silver Willow Tree 10 m x 8 m - fast growing Orange brown bark - classic willow beneath A bigger and better Elaeagnus angustifolia Needs moist sites Slide 104 Salix ‘Northern Fountain’, ‘Prairie Cascade’ - Weeping Willows Northern Fountain 10 m x 6 m - Most consistent weeping features. Golden yellow branches, long green foliage Prairie Cascade 10m x 8 m Developed at Morden research station Gold stems, green foliage Also S. alba ‘Niobe’ - Niobe Willow weeping 15-21m x 15-21m large and aggressive tree. Plant all of these AWAY from buildings, on their own. Start them small and in moist soils with wood mulch around the bases. Slide 105 ULMACEAE Elm Family Slide 106 Family Characteristics Woody Species Leaves simple, asymmetric, often serrated, strong venation - prominently alternate 15 genera Dutch elm disease Slide 107 Ulmus americana - American Elm Origin: North America - Saskatchewan to Newfoundland Hardiness Zone: 2 Exposure: Full Sun Soil Conditions: Widely adapted, tolerates salt Slide 108 Ulmus americana - American Elm FOLIAGE: Texture - Simple, doubly serrate, Colour - Green - fall colour yellow Buds - distinctly alternate (herringbone pattern) Looks like a small American football Slide 109 Ulmus americana - American Elm FORM: Height and Spread - HUGE tree: 20m x 25m Shape - Vase Shaped, very graceful Old bark furrowed in diamond pattern Slide 110 Slide 111 Ulmus americana - American Elm Flower: Type - Clusters of 3-4 Colour - Green Season of Bloom - Spring, before leaves Other - fruit is messy beige samaras Slide 112 Ulmus americana - American Elm Landscape Use: Winter Feature (architecture) Summer feature (form) Boulevard Tree Specimen Slide 113 Slide 114 Ulmus americana - American Elm Maintenance Considerations: Dutch Elm Disease - Prune only during dormancy Weak structure unless strong ridges are formed Wooly elm aphid and European Elm Scale (sooty mold) Slide 115 Ulmus pumila - Siberian Elm In comparison with American Elm: Resistant to DED, but needs proper care to combat inherent bacteria carried within 7 m x 10 m (smaller, but still a big tree) Very 2 dimensional buds and leaves Buds like European Football - fruit also rounded Messy, brittle tree