Olds College LHAP Pest Control of Interior Plants - LHAP 303
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Pest Control of Interior Plants - LHAP 303

LHAP 303-61-40682 (FA25) - Softscape Maintenance/Interior Plants/Pest Control of Interior Plants - LHAP 303.pptx

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Slide 1 Pest Control Of Interior Plants Google Slides Presentation By: Crystal Price Slide 2 Botrytis (Grey Mold) Tissue that looks brown, wet & necrotic Lesions develop as tan or brown water-soaked areas May become greyish upon drying out Characteristic sign of the disease is fuzzy grey spore masses Overwinters in the soil & plant debris Spores favor under cool moist conditions Spores are airborne Slide 3 Prevention & Control Ensure good air circulation Reduce RH if possibly by heating or venting Avoid overcrowding Strict sanitation & cultural practices Prevent outbreak Prevent water drip on leaves from roof condensation & overhead sprinklers Remove dead or diseased plant material ASAP Quarantine new plant material until it has been inspected Or isolated until proven disease free Slide 4 Add a layer of mulch under the plants Prevents the fungal spores from splashing onto flowers & leaves Good irrigation practices Early morning watering Drip irrigation or soaker hose Do not compost infected leaves Copper fungicide Liquid Copper Broad Spectrum (Fungal & Bacterial Disease Control) Serenade Disease Control Serenade Garden Broad Spectrum Biofungicide (Fungal & Bacterial Disease Control) Bacillus subtilis Fungus & nematode species have been used to control this mold effectively Slide 5 Powdery Mildew Whitish grey patches & spores of mycelium Most prevalent on upper leaf surface but will spread to lower leaf surfaces Attacks flowers and stems as well Fungus penetrates the plant cells and feeds from them Loss of blooms and reduction in plant vigor and appearance Slide 6 Prevention & Control: Good air circulation Maintain optimum growing temperatures Strict hygiene (PM can live on plant debris) Water the soil not the leaves Remove & dispose of infected leaves or entire plant to stop the spread Slide 7 Bacterial Diseases Relatively few compared to fungal diseases Similar problems such as leaf spots, blight, rots & wilt Sometimes you can only see the differences through a microscope It is important to be sure of the cause before a treatment program Most fungicides will not control bacteria Slide 8 Bacterial Leaf Spots Usually circular or angular water-soaked areas Might be light green or yellow becoming brown Sometimes a halo can be seen around the center of the lesion Some spots may exude ooze of various colors Spots may be bicolored Bacteria use vascular system as a means of spreading Slide 9 Rots & Blights Often soft and slimy Sometimes a distinct odor First signs may be wilting due to blockage of the vascular system On woody plant parts a sticky ooze & foul odor indicate bacterial disease Slide 10 Prevention and Control Avoid wetting foliage Disinfect cutting tools & propagation tools Apply fixed copper 50WP Copper oxychloride (200g/100L) Broad spectrum fungicide that controls fungal & bacterial diseases Serenade Copper Fungicide Slide 11 Viral Diseases Shows up in the leaves first Color changes, spots, streaked rings & various mottled patterns Dwarfed leaves, rolling or puckering may also be present Same symptoms apply to flowers as well as streaked or off color petals Viruses usually require a vector to be transmitted Insects or mechanical handling Positive ID can only be made by sending in leaf samples to be tested Often resembles other physiological disorders Some plants may only exhibit poor or slow growth Slide 12 Slide 13 Prevention & control Control insect pests Sanitation during propagation Destroy plants showing symptoms Keep stock plants separate from young plants (Quarantine) Slide 14 Slide 15 Insects Aphids Referred to as plant lice Black, grey or red to yellow, or green Adults are winged or wingless Found on new buds or under leaves Look for: Deformed leaves and flowers Sticky substance on leaves From excretions Transmit virus - yellowing or distorted leaves Slide 16 Prevention & Control Monitoring is the best prevention Inspect new foliage continuously Keep plants healthy Less prone to attacks than a sick plant If they are spotted wipe down with a moist cloth Release biological controls Ladybird beetles/larva Prune badly infected leaves or removal of the entire plants is sometimes best Slide 17 Slide 18 Fungus Gnats Other ways to get rid of fungus gnats Big problem in soilless mediums with a high OM or peat content Grey-black about 4mm long Adults are weak flyers and frequently observed walking on the media surface Do not cause any damage Larvae have 12 abdominal segments and a shiny black head Feed on young roots of plants and decaying organic matter Root feeding causes various root rot organisms More active during warmer temperatures Attracted to humidity, high temps., and decomposing organic matter Slide 19 Slide 20 Prevention & Control Allow soil to dry out at a depth of one to two inches between waterings Kills larvae & inhibits development of eggs Soil is less attractive to egg-laying females Consistency is key using sticky traps places directly on top of soil Cider-vinegar traps placed near the base of the plants or on top of soil surface Apple-cider vinegar, few drops of dish soap in a small shallow container (¼ inch deep) Check every few days to refresh Top dress with beneficial nematodes to destroy larvae stage Beneficial Nematodes Destroys the larval stage Safe to use around pets, plants and your family Spreads pythium. Plant pathogen that cause damping off Issues with young delicate plants Slide 21 Diatomaceous earth Apply when the soil is dry, or on top of sand and water from below Keep soil dry, allow to dry out a bit between waterings (top 1” or 2”) Mosquito dunks - product contains a dry pellet containing Bacillus thuringiensis Slide 22 200 eggs per female Slide 23 Thrips Several species including flower thrips, onion thrips, Chrysanthemum and greenhouse thrips Tiny, slender, agile insects 1 - 2 mm in length Adults are dark brown or yellowish brown in color Adults are weak flyers, short flights from leaf to leaf Young thrips are white or yellow with red eyes Rasping sucking mouthparts White streaked areas of flower petals Toxic substances are present in the saliva causing some deformations to occur in shoots & flowers Thrip Life Cycle Slide 24 Early symptoms are almost transparent or clear discoloration of the leaf. Majority of plant damage is done by the larvae. Slide 25 Slide 26 Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (Tospovirus) Causes significant crop loss and they are incurable. Slide 27 Prevention & Control Monitoring by sticky traps to track population Cultural Control Sanitation (Clean Stock) Removal of flower heads High RH 80%, create less favourable conditions for thrips Physical Control Physically screen to restrict movement into the growing space Biologicals is the primary strategy as development to most registered pesticides (potassium soap or plant extracts with pyrethrum) Predatory Mites introduced at the beginning of plantings, more effective Predatory Bugs for Thrips Mites Slide 28 WhiteFlies Difficult to control Adults are small, winged insects, white in color about 1.5 mm in length Eggs are laid on the underside of leaves Appear as a ring of of small black specks Females can lay up to 400 eggs and live as long as 2 months Nymphs are flat and saclike and move over the plant before settling down Piercing mouthparts allow them to remove sap in large amounts Produce large amounts of honeydew, allowing black sooty mold fungus to grow New leaf tissue preferred by the nymphs Can be found feeding on underside of leaves showing wilt symptoms Adults and exoskeletons may be found on lower leaves with signs of wilt Whitefly Life cycle Slide 29 Slide 30 Slide 31 Prevention & Control Prevention - Regular monitoring under the leaves Isolate new stock, screening, sanitation, Knock off with the hose Organic or non-organic insecticidal soaps Vacuum Sticky traps - yellow Biologicals - Parasitic wasps Biological Wasp Slide 32 Spider Mites Two-Spotted Spider Mite Prefer a hot dry environment with no air circulation Small and orange that inflict stippling Appear as very small dots on the leaf surface Take a sheet of paper and tap the leaf over top of it to identify infestation (very small orange specs that are mobile) Look under the leaf May find webbing in bad infestations Slide 33 Slide 34 Prevention & Control Regular scouting Look under the leaves with a magnify glass Look for fine webbing Blast off with a high pressure spray of water Vacuum Lower temperature (below 25 C) Increase RH (60%),air circulation, adequate watering practices Sanitation & remove leaf litter Biological controls Slide 35 Mealy Bug Appear first as a white, cottony substance on the plant Generally you will find hiding in crevices of leaves/leaf axils Like warmer conditions Soft bodied wingless Feed by inserting long sucking mouth parts, called stylets into the plant drawing out sap Nymphs are crawlers - light yellow and free of wax Low populations do not cause significant damage Feeding accompanied by honeydew, making the plants sticky and encouraging growth of sooty molds Move little once a feeding site is found Mealybug Life cycle Slide 36 Early detection and cleaning of leaves Q-tip or cotton pad dipped in rubbing alcohol Do not over fertilize or reduce nitrogen Attracted to soft new growth Blast off with high pressure water Neem oil Botanical insecticides Washing foliage Biological controls Cryptobug Biological control Slide 37 Scale Soft or hard bodied depending on species All are sap feeding with piercing sucking mouthparts Soft scale are ¼” long and secrete copious amounts of honeydew causing sooty mold Hard bodied or armoured scale are a little bit smaller No visible head or legs and no honeydew The female and immature forms hide under a waxy shell & do not move Large infestations will weaken the plant and sometimes distort leaves Slide 38 Prevention & Control Regular scouting - prune and dispose of infested leaves, twigs & branches Rub or pick off with hands Dabbing individual pests with rubbing alcohol or neem-based leaf shine Ladybird beetles & lacewings of the young crawler stage AzaMax is a insect growth regulator (Antifeedant) Horticultural oils or oil based insecticidal kill all pest stages Botanical insecticides as a last resort

Slide Outline

Extracted text and media from the presentation.

Slide 1

Pest Control Of Interior Plants

Google Slides Presentation By: Crystal Price

image1.jpg

Slide 2

Botrytis (Grey Mold)

Tissue that looks brown, wet & necrotic

Lesions develop as tan or brown water-soaked areas

May become greyish upon drying out

Characteristic sign of the disease is fuzzy grey spore masses

Overwinters in the soil & plant debris

Spores favor under cool moist conditions

Spores are airborne

image46.jpg

Slide 3

Prevention & Control

Ensure good air circulation

Reduce RH if possibly by heating or venting

Avoid overcrowding

Strict sanitation & cultural practices

Prevent outbreak

Prevent water drip on leaves from roof condensation & overhead sprinklers

Remove dead or diseased plant material ASAP

Quarantine new plant material until it has been inspected

Or isolated until proven disease free

image21.jpg image10.jpg image7.jpg

Slide 4

Add a layer of mulch under the plants

Prevents the fungal spores from splashing onto flowers & leaves

Good irrigation practices

Early morning watering

Drip irrigation or soaker hose

Do not compost infected leaves

Copper fungicide Liquid Copper

Broad Spectrum (Fungal & Bacterial Disease Control)

Serenade Disease Control Serenade Garden

Broad Spectrum

Biofungicide (Fungal & Bacterial Disease Control)

Bacillus subtilis

Fungus & nematode species have been used to control this mold effectively

image16.png image8.png image2.png

Slide 5

Powdery Mildew

Whitish grey patches & spores of mycelium

Most prevalent on upper leaf surface but will spread to lower leaf surfaces

Attacks flowers and stems as well

Fungus penetrates the plant cells and feeds from them

Loss of blooms and reduction in plant vigor and appearance

image4.jpg

Slide 6

Prevention & Control:

Good air circulation

Maintain optimum growing temperatures

Strict hygiene (PM can live on plant debris)

Water the soil not the leaves

Remove & dispose of infected leaves or entire plant to stop the spread

image9.jpg image6.jpg

Slide 7

Bacterial Diseases

Relatively few compared to fungal diseases

Similar problems such as leaf spots, blight, rots & wilt

Sometimes you can only see the differences through a microscope

It is important to be sure of the cause before a treatment program

Most fungicides will not control bacteria

image20.jpg

Slide 8

Bacterial Leaf Spots

Usually circular or angular water-soaked areas

Might be light green or yellow becoming brown

Sometimes a halo can be seen around the center of the lesion

Some spots may exude ooze of various colors

Spots may be bicolored

Bacteria use vascular system as a means of spreading

image3.jpg

Slide 9

Rots & Blights

Often soft and slimy

Sometimes a distinct odor

First signs may be wilting due to blockage of the vascular system

On woody plant parts a sticky ooze & foul odor indicate bacterial disease

image11.jpg image18.jpg

Slide 10

Prevention and Control

Avoid wetting foliage

Disinfect cutting tools & propagation tools

Apply fixed copper 50WP

Copper oxychloride (200g/100L)

Broad spectrum fungicide that controls fungal & bacterial diseases

Serenade

Copper Fungicide

image14.jpg image8.png image2.png

Slide 11

Viral Diseases

Shows up in the leaves first

Color changes, spots, streaked rings & various mottled patterns

Dwarfed leaves, rolling or puckering may also be present

Same symptoms apply to flowers as well as streaked or off color petals

Viruses usually require a vector to be transmitted

Insects or mechanical handling

Positive ID can only be made by sending in leaf samples to be tested

Often resembles other physiological disorders

Some plants may only exhibit poor or slow growth

image28.jpg image17.jpg

Slide 12

image5.jpg image40.jpg

Slide 13

Prevention & control

Control insect pests

Sanitation during propagation

Destroy plants showing symptoms

Keep stock plants separate from young plants (Quarantine)

image45.jpg image24.jpg image12.png

Slide 14

image13.png image15.png image29.png image31.png

Slide 15

Insects

Aphids

Referred to as plant lice

Black, grey or red to yellow, or green

Adults are winged or wingless

Found on new buds or under leaves

Look for:

Deformed leaves and flowers

Sticky substance on leaves

From excretions

Transmit virus - yellowing or distorted leaves

image22.jpg image26.jpg image23.jpg

Slide 16

Prevention & Control

Monitoring is the best prevention

Inspect new foliage continuously

Keep plants healthy

Less prone to attacks than a sick plant

If they are spotted wipe down with a moist cloth

Release biological controls

Ladybird beetles/larva

Prune badly infected leaves or removal of the entire plants is sometimes best

image27.jpg image19.jpg image30.jpg image33.png image25.png

Slide 17

image32.png

Slide 18

Fungus Gnats Other ways to get rid of fungus gnats

Big problem in soilless mediums with a high OM or peat content

Grey-black about 4mm long

Adults are weak flyers and frequently observed walking on the media surface

Do not cause any damage

Larvae have 12 abdominal segments and a shiny black head

Feed on young roots of plants and decaying organic matter

Root feeding causes various root rot organisms

More active during warmer temperatures

Attracted to humidity, high temps., and decomposing organic matter

image35.jpg image34.jpg image54.jpg

Slide 19

image93.jpg image43.png image70.png

Slide 20

Prevention & Control

Allow soil to dry out at a depth of one to two inches between waterings

Kills larvae & inhibits development of eggs

Soil is less attractive to egg-laying females

Consistency is key using sticky traps places directly on top of soil

Cider-vinegar traps placed near the base of the plants or on top of soil surface

Apple-cider vinegar, few drops of dish soap in a small shallow container (¼ inch deep)

Check every few days to refresh

Top dress with beneficial nematodes to destroy larvae stage Beneficial Nematodes

Destroys the larval stage

Safe to use around pets, plants and your family

Spreads pythium.

Plant pathogen that cause damping off

Issues with young delicate plants

image50.jpg image37.jpg

Slide 21

Diatomaceous earth

Apply when the soil is dry, or on top of sand and water from below

Keep soil dry, allow to dry out a bit between waterings (top 1” or 2”)

Mosquito dunks - product contains a dry pellet containing Bacillus thuringiensis

image42.jpg image39.jpg image56.png

Slide 22

200 eggs per female

image36.jpg image83.jpg image41.jpg

Slide 23

Thrips

Several species including flower thrips, onion thrips, Chrysanthemum and greenhouse thrips

Tiny, slender, agile insects 1 - 2 mm in length

Adults are dark brown or yellowish brown in color

Adults are weak flyers, short flights from leaf to leaf

Young thrips are white or yellow with red eyes

Rasping sucking mouthparts

White streaked areas of flower petals

Toxic substances are present in the saliva causing some deformations to occur in shoots & flowers

Thrip Life Cycle

image38.jpg image68.jpg

Slide 24

Early symptoms are almost transparent or clear discoloration of the leaf.

Majority of plant damage is done by the larvae.

image49.jpg

Slide 25

image63.jpg image44.jpg image55.jpg image57.jpg image47.jpg

Slide 26

Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (Tospovirus)

Causes significant crop loss and they are incurable.

image61.jpg image66.jpg

Slide 27

Prevention & Control

Monitoring by sticky traps to track population

Cultural Control

Sanitation (Clean Stock)

Removal of flower heads

High RH 80%, create less favourable conditions for thrips

Physical Control

Physically screen to restrict movement into the growing space

Biologicals is the primary strategy as development to most registered pesticides (potassium soap or plant extracts with pyrethrum)

Predatory Mites introduced at the beginning of plantings, more effective

Predatory Bugs for Thrips

Mites

image48.jpg image53.jpg

Slide 28

WhiteFlies

Difficult to control

Adults are small, winged insects, white in color about 1.5 mm in length

Eggs are laid on the underside of leaves

Appear as a ring of of small black specks

Females can lay up to 400 eggs and live as long as 2 months

Nymphs are flat and saclike and move over the plant before settling down

Piercing mouthparts allow them to remove sap in large amounts

Produce large amounts of honeydew, allowing black sooty mold fungus to grow

New leaf tissue preferred by the nymphs

Can be found feeding on underside of leaves showing wilt symptoms

Adults and exoskeletons may be found on lower leaves with signs of wilt

Whitefly Life cycle

image51.jpg image65.jpg

Slide 29

image52.jpg image62.jpg image78.jpg image59.jpg

Slide 30

image64.jpg

Slide 31

Prevention & Control

Prevention - Regular monitoring under the leaves

Isolate new stock, screening, sanitation,

Knock off with the hose

Organic or non-organic insecticidal soaps

Vacuum

Sticky traps - yellow

Biologicals - Parasitic wasps

Biological Wasp

image69.jpg image87.jpg image58.jpg

Slide 32

Spider Mites

Two-Spotted Spider Mite

Prefer a hot dry environment with no air circulation

Small and orange that inflict stippling

Appear as very small dots on the leaf surface

Take a sheet of paper and tap the leaf over top of it to identify infestation (very small orange specs that are mobile)

Look under the leaf

May find webbing in bad infestations

image75.jpg image88.jpg image80.jpg image60.jpg

Slide 33

image92.jpg

Slide 34

Prevention & Control

Regular scouting

Look under the leaves with a magnify glass

Look for fine webbing

Blast off with a high pressure spray of water

Vacuum

Lower temperature (below 25 C)

Increase RH (60%),air circulation, adequate watering practices

Sanitation & remove leaf litter

Biological controls

image86.jpg image72.jpg image67.jpg

Slide 35

Mealy Bug

Appear first as a white, cottony substance on the plant

Generally you will find hiding in crevices of leaves/leaf axils

Like warmer conditions

Soft bodied wingless

Feed by inserting long sucking mouth parts, called stylets into the plant drawing out sap

Nymphs are crawlers - light yellow and free of wax

Low populations do not cause significant damage

Feeding accompanied by honeydew, making the plants sticky and encouraging growth of sooty molds

Move little once a feeding site is found

Mealybug Life cycle

image91.jpg image79.jpg image74.jpg

Slide 36

Early detection and cleaning of leaves

Q-tip or cotton pad dipped in rubbing alcohol

Do not over fertilize or reduce nitrogen

Attracted to soft new growth

Blast off with high pressure water

Neem oil

Botanical insecticides

Washing foliage

Biological controls Cryptobug

Biological control

image76.png image84.jpg image73.jpg

Slide 37

Scale

Soft or hard bodied depending on species

All are sap feeding with piercing sucking mouthparts

Soft scale are ¼” long and secrete copious amounts of honeydew causing sooty mold

Hard bodied or armoured scale are a little bit smaller

No visible head or legs and no honeydew

The female and immature forms hide under a waxy shell & do not move

Large infestations will weaken the plant and sometimes distort leaves

image71.jpg image82.jpg image81.jpg

Slide 38

Prevention & Control

Regular scouting - prune and dispose of infested leaves, twigs & branches

Rub or pick off with hands

Dabbing individual pests with rubbing alcohol or neem-based leaf shine

Ladybird beetles & lacewings of the young crawler stage

AzaMax is a insect growth regulator (Antifeedant)

Horticultural oils or oil based insecticidal kill all pest stages

Botanical insecticides as a last resort

image85.jpg image77.jpg image90.jpg image89.jpg

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