LHAP 304 - Sunny 1

Slide 1 LHAP 304 - Sunny Taller and more Organic Soils Presentation by E. Kawahara in conjunction with W. Daley and D. Morton Slide 2 The ASTERACEAE Family Review: What types of plants are in this family? What are their flower structures? Which plants do we know from this family? Slide 3 Echinacea purpurea - Echinacea/Coneflower Origin: Eastern North America (Canadian Native) Hardiness Zone: 3 Exposure: Full sun to part shade Soil Conditions: Well drained or dry soil. Significant Features... Slide 4 Echinacea purpurea - Echinacea/Coneflower Slide 5 Echinacea purpurea - Echinacea/Coneflower Identifying Features FOLIAGE: Texture - mid texture, bristley on stems as well as upper leaves, coarse textured veins below. Colour - dark green Other - 2 types: upper and lower. Species stems have purple notes. Slide 6 Echinacea purpurea - Echinacea/Coneflower FORM: Height and Spread - 50 - 75 cm x 30 - 60 cm Root Type - Fibrous Shape - Oval Slide 7 Echinacea purpurea - Echinacea/Coneflower Identifying Features Flower: Type - Head Colour - pink and white, beware of other cultivar colours (hardiness) One green/purple (Green Twister) is good Season of Bloom - Late summer to Fall. Slide 8 Echinacea purpurea - Echinacea/Coneflower Landscape Use: Mid - Back of bed Naturalized / native plantings Fresh cut or dried flowers Attracts pollinators English Cottage, Medicinal, Sensory Maintenance Considerations: Possibly leave standing for Winter Interest Slide 9 Green Twister Echinacea back right… Slide 10 While we’re on the ASTERACEAE family, let’s do one more... Slide 11 Leucanthemum x superbum Shasta Daisy Origin: HYBRID Hardiness Zone: 2 Exposure: Full sun to part shade Soil Conditions: Well drained, moist, fertile soil Significant Features... Slide 12 Leucanthemum x superbum Shasta Daisy Slide 13 Compared to some common weeds: Scentless Chamomile Tripleurospermum inodorum “Flat top, no smell” Oxeye Daisy Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye daisy is not native to Alberta and hybridizes with Shasta daisy readily. Pineapple weed Matricaria discoidea “Disc top, smells” Flat top prior to ligulate floret formation Slide 14 Leucanthemum x superbum - Shasta Daisy FOLIAGE: Texture - Smooth margin to Coarsely toothed, foliage glossy Colour - Green Other - large masses of basal foliage with petiolate base leaves and sessile uppers. Slide 15 Leucanthemum x superbum - Shasta Daisy Flower: Type - Radiate Head / Capitulum Colour - White Season of Bloom - Early to mid summer - a “cross over plant” (like Periwinkle). Usually finishing around end of July. Slide 16 Leucanthemum x superbum - Shasta Daisy FORM: Height and Spread - 30 - 75 cm x 30 - 60 cm Root Type - Fibrous Shape - Mounding Slide 17 Compare form with the Oxeye daisy: Upper left photo, 2024 unmown lawn in Olds. Right Photos, 2019 - oxe-eye in mountain meadow Slide 18 Leucanthemum x superbum - Shasta Daisy Landscape Use: Mass planting, or specimen Classic in English Cottage or “Meadow” gardens Must NOT be planted near any areas that may allow for hybridization / naturalization Slide 19 Leucanthemum x superbum - Shasta Daisy Maintenance Considerations: May need to remove woody centre every few years Can pinch to keep compact if desired Best not to allow it to go to seed Slide 20 Note flower time - mid to late season: Poppies are done, Salvia has been going for a long time, Asters are in full bloom… Slide 21 Slide 22 … and another ASTERACEAE… Slide 23 Eutrochium species - Joe Pye Weed Origin: E. Maculatum Native in parts of Canada and the US Hardiness Zone: 3 Exposure: Full Sun/Part Shade Soil Conditions: Well drained, not wet soils Slide 24 Eutrochium species - Joe Pye Weed FOLIAGE: Texture - Medium textured, lanceolate, attached in whorls of 3-5 Hairy upper leaf, coarse textured veins beneath. Colour - Mid toned Green FORM: Height and Spread - 1m x 0.8 m dwarf species available. Growth Habit - Clumping Shape - Oval Slide 25 Joe Pye Weed growing in part shade - distinctly fewer flowers than if it was in the sun. Note size against the Ligularia beside it. Photo taken Late September 2019. Slide 26 South facing application - Full sun for most of the day. Photo taken in October 2020 (note the fall colour of deciduous behind it and powdery mildew on roses) Slide 27 Eutrochium species - Joe Pye Weed Flower: Type - Tube florets - officially described as “Corymbose” in Flora of Alberta Colour - Pink Season of Bloom - Mid summer - frost Other - attracts butterflies. Fruit is achene with pappus Slide 28 Eutrochium species - Joe Pye Weed Landscape Use: All parts Poisonous (or is it “medicinal?”) Mass Planting Cut Flower Back of Bed/Vertical interest (Leave for winter interest) Butterfly garden Mask white vinyl fences with it… Slide 29 Eutrochium species - Joe Pye Weed Maintenance Considerations: May collapse/lean over Leaf Scorch in dry soils Powdery mildew in shade (like everything) Slide 30 DIPSACACEAE Family Slide 31 Family Characteristics Flowerhead has many florets Fruit Achene 12 genera worldwide Class - Magnoliopsida - includes Asterales and Dipsacales Slide 32 Scabiosa columbaria - Scabiosa / Pincushion Origin: Mediterranean, Eurasia, East Africa Hardiness Zone: 3 Exposure: Full sun Soil Conditions: Moist, well drained soil - ok in non irrigated beds Slide 33 Scabiosa columbaria - Scabiosa / Pincushion FOLIAGE: Texture - Narrow, basal rosette with leafy stem - opposite attachment Colour - mid-light green Other - Dense cluster at base. FORM: Height and Spread - Foliage, 30 cm, flowers much taller x 30 cm Growth Habit - Clumping Shape - round with airy flowers. Slide 34 Scabiosa columbaria - Scabiosa / Pincushion Flower: Type - Capitulum! Colour - typically blue, sometimes pink or white Season of Bloom - Summer - Freeze (crossover plant) Other - Note the developing blooms - profuse and potentially not attractive. Slide 35 Scabiosa columbaria - Scabiosa / Pincushion Landscape Use: Butterfly & Bee Gardens Medicinal? Cottage Garden Cut flowers Rock Garden Slide 36 A partial shade location - what do you recognize around it? Slide 37 Scabiosa columbaria - Scabiosa / Pincushion Maintenance Considerations: Can look a bit messy/unkempt (not good for formal gardens) Important to ID finished flowers correctly Slide 38 “The Blues” Slide 39 PLANTAGINACEAE Family Slide 40 Family Characteristics Flowers spikes Fruit sticky Basal foliage Slide 41 Veronica spicata - Veronica/Speedwell Origin: Northern Europe and Asia Hardiness Zone: 2 Exposure: BEST in Full Sun Soil Conditions: Widely adapted - prefers organic soils. Slide 42 Veronica spicata - Veronica/Speedwell FOLIAGE: Texture - Mid - Fine Textured plant, margin serrate Opposite attachment Colour - Green FORM: Height and Spread - 1m (when in flower) x .75m Growth Habit - Clumping/slowly spreading Slide 43 Veronica spicata - Veronica/Speedwell Flower: Type - spike. 5 fused petals. Stamens longer. Colour - Purple/Blue, pink, white Season of Bloom - Summer or Late Summer Slide 44 Veronica spicata - Veronica/Speedwell Landscape Use: Vertical accent Attracts butterflies and bees Winter Interest Cottage style gardens Slide 45 Veronica spicata - Veronica/Speedwell Maintenance Considerations: Cut back in mid summer to promote second flush of growth (if it collapses - newer cultivars may be better). Slide 46 LAMIACEAE Family In Review: Primary Characteristics? Other Plants in this family? Slide 47 Salvia sylvestris - Salvia/Woodland Sage Origin: Central Europe/West Asia Hardiness Zone: 3 Exposure: Full sun to part shade Soil Conditions: Widely adapted (drought tolerant) Slide 48 Salvia sylvestris - Salvia/Woodland Sage FOLIAGE: Texture - medium texture, rugose (visually and tactile), margins lightly serrate (almost scalloped) Colour - Mid - dark Green Other - Leaves aromatic when crushed (LAMIACEAE) - described as earthy, perhaps bitter Slide 49 Salvia sylvestris - Salvia/Woodland Sage FORM: Height and Spread - Mid Height (25-60 cm x 30-45 cm by cultivar) Growth habit - Fast clumping spread when in good growing conditions. Shape - Round to Oval. Slide 50 Salvia sylvestris - Salvia/Woodland Sage Flower: Type - Spike-like raceme, flowers in whorls with short internodes. Colour - Blue or Pink Season of Bloom - Summer: re-blooms with shearing. Slide 51 Salvia sylvestris - Salvia/Woodland Sage Landscape Use: Attracts Bees, Butterflies/Hummingbirds Rabbit and Deer resistant Salt tolerant Dry & Cut Flowers Medicinal? Or Toxic… Mediterranean style (“Xeriscape”) garden Sensory (smell only - leaves) Slide 52 Salvia sylvestris - Salvia/Woodland Sage Maintenance Considerations: Low Maintenance! Shear when finished flowering to promote rebloom Powdery Mildew in Fall Slide 53 Slide 54 Same time of year, same planting area (Wetlands Gazebo hill, July 2021) Salvia and Speedwell together July 31 2025- Calgary Slide 55 Slide 56 Slide 57 Another from the LAMIACEAE Family Slide 58 Perovskia atriplicifolia - Russian Sage Origin: Central Asia - High Elevation Hardiness Zone: 3-5 Exposure: Full Sun Soil Conditions: Tolerates dry sites, pollution, and clayey soils Slide 59 Perovskia atriplicifolia - Russian Sage FOLIAGE: Texture - Opposite attachment, deeply incised/feathery. Appears soft (good contrast) Colour - Grey/Green Other - Leaves aromatic when crushed (LAMIACEAE) - a minty but earthy scent Slide 60 Perovskia atriplicifolia - Russian Sage FORM: Height and Spread - 1.25 m x .75 m (Z3) Growth Habit - slowly spreading Shape - Messy Upright oval Slide 61 Perovskia atriplicifolia - Russian Sage Flower: Type - Connate; arranged in whorls. Sepals covered in soft hairs. Style longer than petals (long tongue!) Note the long internodal spaces between whorls. Colour - Blue Season of Bloom - Late Summer/Fall Slide 62 Perovskia atriplicifolia - Russian Sage Landscape Use: Hummingbirds/butterflies Deer resistant Cut/Dried flowers Sensory (aromatic leaves - not touch, hairs rub off) Drought and Salt tolerant - Mediterranean planting Winter Interest (leave standing) Maintenance Considerations: Low maintenance plant, well adapted to sites where it will be neglected. Slide 63 Slide 64 LAMIACEAE FAMILY Slide 65 Nepeta racemosa - Catmint Origin: Dry areas - mediterranean Hardiness Zone: 2 Exposure: Full Sun Soil Conditions: Widely adapted - tolerates dry soils. Must be well drained. Slide 66 Nepeta racemosa - Catmint FOLIAGE: Texture - Simple, opposite, scalloped margins 1-2 cm Colour - Green. Tomentose hairs give leaves greyish hue. Other - aromatic leaves attracts cats FORM: Height and Spread - 30-75 cm x 30-90 cm Growth Habit - Loosely clumping Shape - Loosely round Slide 67 Nepeta racemosa - Catmint Flower: Type - Raceme. Flowers connate, small and irregular (2 lipped LAMIACEAE flower) Colour - Purple Season of Bloom - Early Summer to Early Fall (Crossover plant) Other - Bees love it Slide 68 Nepeta racemosa - Catmint Landscape Use: Textural accent Pollinator garden - Bees Sensory Garden - smell Slide 69 Nepeta racemosa - Catmint Maintenance Considerations: Considered low maintenance plant in areas with good drainage. May shear to promote second flush of growth May be mauled by local cats. Broken stems will need to be pruned out individually Slide 70 Talk about putting the “cat” in Catmint… Slide 71 The PAEONIACEAE Family Characteristics Include: Compound, deeply lobed leaves Large, often fragrant flowers Flowers white, yellow, pink, or red Slide 72 Paeonia - Peony Origin: Tibet to China Hardiness Zone: 2 Exposure: Full Sun (better) to part shade Soil Conditions: Well Drained, Organic soil preferred Significant Features... Slide 73 Paeonia - Peony Note: Dicentra eximia in front (size comparison) Slide 74 Paeonia - Peony FOLIAGE: Texture - Medium texture, alternate attachment, compound, deeply incised leaves. Fernleaf is extremely fine textured/slender leaflets. Colour - emerges purple pips and purple stems. Green in summer. Other - Can have good Fall colour Slide 75 Paeonia - Peony Flower: Type - Solitary Colour - Fuchsia (original colour) White, Pink, Yellow, and blends of these. Fernleaf is true red. Season of Bloom - Early summer - mix species to get a longer bloom time Other - Can be single, semi double or double Slide 76 Slide 77 Slide 78 Paeonia - Peony FORM: Height and Spread - 1m x 1m Root Type - Fleshy tuber root Shape - Rounded - heavy heads cause the plant to sprawl a bit. Slide 79 New growth with purple stems (begins with purple pips). Purple fall colour showing Slide 80 Paeonia - Peony Landscape Use: Mid - Back Specimen Fall colour Cut or dried flowers Fragrance Seed heads / ornamental supports = winter interest Cottage Gardens Large sites - large flowers = focal point Slide 81 Slide 82 Paeonia - Peony Maintenance Considerations: Peony Rings Deadhead spent flowers (not just a one time visit) Ants Botrytis Slide 83 Slide 84 The PAPAVERACEAE Family Order: Ranunculales Subfamilies: Poppies and Fumatories (subfamilies are further divided into tribes) Plants with laticifers - yielding a milky juice Alternate leaves, usually deeply incised MANY stamens in 2 whorls Fruit is a capsule (1 chamber many seeds) Slide 85 Papaver species - Poppies Origin: Montane ecosystems Hardiness Zone: 2 Exposure: Full sun/part shade Soil Conditions: Prefers moist/well drained soils. Drought tolerant once established. Slide 86 Papaver species - Poppies Flora of Alberta how they’re the same: Herbs with Milky juice Pinnately dissected leaves Flower buds nodding Flowers large, solitary, perfect. Sepals 2, Petals 4 (normally) Stamens many, Stigmas united in flat radiate crown Fruit = many seeded capsule opening by small pores near margin of stigmatic disc. Slide 87 Papaver species - Poppies Slide 88 Papaver species - Poppy Flora of Alberta Key - how they are different: Cauline Leaves Present or Absent Capsules glabrous or hispid (rigid, bristly hairs) Plant height, flower size Flowers red; yellow - orange or pink Leaves glabrous, setose (bristles) - hispid; or densely hirsute (coarse, spreading hairs) All bloom in late spring/Early Summer - some may rebloom, or bloom later because the seeds come up that season. Slide 89 P. orientale - Oriental Poppies Differences: Large Flower/Tall plant (50 cm x 50 cm) Black accent on petals Colour orange, red, pink Very hairy - bristle like on leaves, stems, buds Mature leaves deeply incised and serrate Leaves can go dormant after blooming Slide 90 Slide 91 Before blooming, in spring… Slide 92 P. nudicaule - Icelandic Poppies How they’re different: Shorter - 30 cm x 30 cm Colours variable orange, yellow, salmon, gold, coral, white Foliage more smooth to touch Typically yellow center Slide 93 Slide 94 Papaver species - Poppies Landscape Use: Winter interest Dried flowers Drought tolerant Alpine Gardens Cottage gardens (Oriental) Slide 95 Naturalistic, montane application (July 2024) - these poppies will not germinate or spread in wood mulch! Slide 96 Papaver species - Poppies Maintenance Considerations: May cut back to prevent spreading, or to control size. Poppy seeds spread! (especially T nudicaule et al) Tap rooted - tough to transplant Slide 97 The RANUNCULACEAE (Buttercup) Family POISON!!! Plant contains poisonous or toxic compounds Slide 98 Showy flowers, medium to large in size to attract pollinators Many stamens Petals may evolve into spurred nectaries Petals may evolve into hoods No Hypanthium Often leaves are lobed or highly incised / fine(er) texture Slide 99 Trollius x cultorum - Globeflower (noted by cultivar) Origin: Hybrid Hardiness Zone: 2 Exposure: Full sun to part shade Soil Conditions: Prefers moist but well drained; drought tolerant when established. Tolerates wet, heavy clay. Slide 100 Trollius x cultorum - Globeflower (noted by cultivar) FOLIAGE: Texture - Palmate, deeply incised, serrate Colour - Medium green Other - Basal leaves petiolate, stem leaves sessile FORM: Height and Spread - .5 m x .5 m Growth habit - Clumping Shape - Round Slide 101 Note season of bloom on this species is earlier than T. chinensis - grasses are all very small still - this is flowering in early summer. Slide 102 Trollius x cultorum - Globeflower (noted by cultivar) Flower: Type - Double petals, solitary on long stem. 5 petal like sepals. 2.5 cm diameter Colour - Yellow or Orange (cv specific) Season of Bloom - Early Summer Other - Very bright - especially in shade Slide 103 Trollius x cultorum - Globeflower (noted by cultivar) Landscape Use: Shade site - bright colour - good mixer (adapts to many exposures) Cut flower Deer and rabbit browse resistant Textural contrast Rock gardens/Cottage style Slide 104 Trollius x cultorum - Globeflower (noted by cultivar) Maintenance Considerations: Roots thick and fibrous - does not need frequent division May not bloom the year it is divided Tough to grow from seed (hybrid) Slide 105 Slide 106 Trollius chinensis - Globeflower Origin: Europe to Asia Hardiness Zone: 2 Exposure: Full sun to part shade Soil Conditions: Prefers moist but well drained; drought tolerant when established. Tolerates wet, heavy clay. Slide 107 Trollius chinensis - Globeflower FOLIAGE: Texture - Palmate, deeply incised, serrate Colour - Medium green Other - Basal leaves petiolate, stem leaves sessile FORM: Height and Spread - 1.25m x .5m Growth habit - Clumping (polite, doesn’t spread) Shape - Oval Slide 108 Trollius chinensis - Globeflower Flower: Type - Single, solitary on long stem. 2.5 cm diameter - more open blossom with upright, fringe like petals. Colour - Orange Season of Bloom - Summer (later than T. cultorum) Other - Very bright - especially in shade Slide 109 Trollius chinensis - Globeflower Landscape Use: (same as T x cultorum) Shade site - bright colour - good mixer (adapts to many exposures) Cut flower Deer and rabbit browse resistant Textural contrast Rock gardens/Cottage style Slide 110 Trollius chinensis - Globeflower Maintenance Considerations: Roots thick and fibrous - does not need frequent division May not bloom the year it is divided Slide 111 Slide 112 Slide 113