LHAP 304 - Sunny 2

Slide 1 LHAP 304 S.H.P. - Sunny and drier / well drained soils Presentation by E. Kawahara Slide 2 The CARYOPHYLLACEAE Family The Carnation Family A few members you may have heard of: Chickweed Pinks (Dianthus) Carnations Baby’s Breath Soapwort Rockwort Somewhat standard characteristics: Swollen Nodes Opposite leaves Prefer Alkaline pH Slide 3 Split (clawed) petals = delicate flowers Fruit usually capsule Slide 4 Cerastium tomentosum - Snow in Summer Origin: Mountains of Europe (Italy) Hardiness Zone: 1 Exposure: Full Sun Soil Conditions: Dry, Sandy soils (very well adapted) Significant Features... Slide 5 Cerastium tomentosum - Snow in Summer Slide 6 Cerastium tomentosum Snow in Summer - Identifying Features FOLIAGE: Texture - Very fine, Tomentose leaves Colour - Silvery - white Other - Evergreen Slide 7 Cerastium tomentosum Snow in Summer - Identifying Features Flower: Type - Loose Cyme Colour - White Season of Bloom: Early- Mid Summer Slide 8 Cerastium tomentosum Snow in Summer- Identifying Features FORM: Height and Spread - 15 cm (6”) x 60 cm (24”) Root Type - Fibrous Shape - Mat forming but not invasive Slide 9 Cerastium tomentosum Snow in Summer Landscape Use: Drier sites Rock / Alpine Gardens Mass Plant Slide 10 Cerastium tomentosum Snow in Summer Maintenance Considerations: Easy to cut back to desired space Shear flowers to prevent seed heads Not necessary in low maintenance applications Do not disturb too much or ugly stems will be exposed Slide 11 Which plants do you recognize here, and what maintenance do you suggest? Slide 12 Slide 13 Same Family… second Species... Slide 14 Dianthus plumarius Dianthus/Cottage Pinks Origin: Europe Hardiness Zone: 2 Exposure: Full Sun Soil Conditions: well drained, slightly alkaline Significant Features... Slide 15 Dianthus plumarius Cottage Pink Slide 16 Dianthus plumarius Dianthus/Cottage Pinks FOLIAGE: Texture - Very Fine, strong midrib Colour - Glaucous, silver blue. Other - Grassy texture helps differentiate it from other Dianthus. Slide 17 Slide 18 Dianthus plumarius Dianthus/Cottage Pinks FORM: Height and Spread - 25 - 45 cm (10”) x 30 - 45 cm (12”) Root Type - Fibrous and strong Shape - Fairly rounded, mat forming groundcover Slide 19 Dianthus plumarius Dianthus/Cottage Pinks Flower: Type - Solitary with fringed petal ends. Colour - All pinks (from blush to nearly red), light purple and white Season of Bloom - May to July Slide 20 Slide 21 Dianthus plumarius Dianthus/Cottage Pinks Landscape Use: Edging, Groundcover, Rock Garden Attracts Butterflies Decorative for cakes etc. Slide 22 Dianthus plumarius Dianthus/Cottage Pinks Maintenance Considerations: Possibly some leaf spot Requires snow-cover Plant cover protects crown, do not cut back in fall Possibly shear after 1st bloom Can get a little out of control if not watched. Slide 23 Planting Bed Overhaul - note the weeds. The grass-like ground cover is Dianthus. Slide 24 Caryophyllaceae Family AGAIN! Slide 25 Saponaria officinalis Soapwort Origin: Native in Europe and Asia Hardiness Zone: 2 Exposure: Full sun Soil Conditions: Widely adapted Slide 26 Saponaria officinalis - Soapwort FOLIAGE: Texture - Fine textured, entire margins Colour - light green Other - unremarkable, Evergreen FORM: Height and Spread - 15 cm x 45 cm Growth habit - Mat forming Shape - Ground cover Slide 27 Saponaria officinalis - Soapwort Flower: Type - CARYOPHYLLACEAE! 5 petals (no lobes), hairy sepals Colour - Pink Season of Bloom - Spring/Early Summer Slide 28 Saponaria officinalis - Soapwort Landscape Use: Behind retaining walls Rock gardens Spring interest Accent plant Maintenance: May need to shear finished flower heads in high maintenance settings Slide 29 Photo - Parkland Garden Centre June 2025. Full sun, protected sedum bed. Slide 30 CRASSULACEAE Stonecrop Family Sedum groundcovers Hylotelephium species Sempervivum Slide 31 Family Characteristics Frequently succulent herbs to shrubs Flowers with sepals and petals numbered equally Leaves fleshy Genera include: Crassula, Echeveria, Kalanchoe, & Sedum Slide 32 Hylotelephium erythrostictum - Showy Stonecrop Origin: Mediterranean, North Africa, South America - many are hybrids Hardiness Zone: 3 Exposure: FULL SUN Soil Conditions: Well drained soils Slide 33 Slide 34 Hylotelephium erythrostictum - Showy Stonecrop FOLIAGE: Texture - Simple, opposite, fleshy, mostly entire or slightly toothed. Colour - Variable by cultivar - green, burgundy Other - Fleshy stems Slide 35 Hylotelephium erythrostictum - Showy Stonecrop FORM: Height and Spread - 45-60 cm x 45-60 cm - mid size Growth Habit - Clumping upright Slide 36 Hylotelephium erythrostictum - Showy Stonecrop Flower: Type - Cyme on terminal inflorescence, extruding stamens, star shaped Colour - Typically pinks & reds. Sometimes white. Season of Bloom - “Tall in Fall” Slide 37 Hylotelephium erythrostictum - Showy Stonecrop Landscape Use: Rock Gardens Dry sites Late season Colour Butterfly/Bee gardens winter interest Cut flowers Slide 38 Winter interest - collection of snow and frost… Slide 39 Hylotelephium erythrostictum - Showy Stonecrop Maintenance Considerations: No serious problems Do not overwater/overlove Slide 40 Another CRASSULACEAE - The “real” sedum Slide 41 Sedum Species - Sedums Origin: Mediterranean, North Africa, South America Hardiness Zone: 3 - 4 Exposure: FULL SUN Soil Conditions: Well drained soils Slide 42 Note: Red Fall colour with elongated leaves Blue Spruce Lower growing green foliage Red rosettes in lower right side Slide 43 Sedum Species - Sedums FOLIAGE: Texture - Simple, opposite, fleshy, mostly entire or slightly toothed. Shapes variable Colour - Variable by cultivar - chartreuse, green, blue, burgundy or a mix. Other - Fleshy stems Slide 44 Sedum Species - Sedums FORM: Height and Spread - 10-15 cm x 30+ cm for groundcovers Growth Habit - slowly spreading groundcovers. Slide 45 Sedum Species - Sedums Flower: Type - Cyme on terminal inflorescence, extruding stamens, star shaped Colour - Yellow/Orange, sometimes maybe pink. Season of Bloom - Early summer Slide 46 Slide 47 Sedum Species - Sedums Landscape Use: See note on green roof use Rock Gardens Dry sites Late season Colour Slide 48 Sedum Species - Sedums Maintenance Considerations: No serious problems Do not overwater/overlove Spring cleanup, blow out leaves only. Slide 49 CRASSULACEAE Family again… Slide 50 Sempervivum tectorum Hens and Chicks Origin: Native to Mountains of South Europe Hardiness Zone: 2 Exposure: Full sun Soil Conditions: Prefers shallow, dry, well drained sites. Will rot if kept too wet. Slide 51 Sempervivum tectorum - Hens and Chicks FOLIAGE: Texture - Coarse (to touch), impact may be relatively fine. Leaves in rosettes, glabrous Colour - Typically green, now reds and webs! Other - Bristle-tips, Evergreen Slide 52 Sempervivum tectorum - Hens and Chicks FORM: Height and Spread - 15 cm x 30 cm Growth habit - spreading Other - “Hens” and “Chicks” connected by umbilicals Slide 53 Sempervivum tectorum - Hens and Chicks Flower: Type - Paniculate cyme rising far above foliage (some consider it unsightly) Colour - Pink, typically. Season of Bloom - Mid Summer Other - Comes from the “Hens” which may die after. Slide 54 Full sun location - raised planter (Yucca in the background). Inflorescence rising from center of hen. Slide 55 Inflorescence rising from centre of plant… Slide 56 Slide 57 Sempervivum tectorum - Hens and Chicks Landscape Use: Front of border Dry gardens/Shallow soil Planters Alpine Garden Green roof Slide 58 Sempervivum tectorum - Hens and Chicks Maintenance Considerations: Remove spent inflorescence with pruning shears so you don’t pull the plant apart. Root systems rot in wet conditions Avoid overhead watering in afternoons (soil stays wet) Slide 59 Slide 60 EUPHORBIACEAE Spurge Family Slide 61 Family Characteristics Colourful bracts Flowers regular Milky sap Slide 62 Euphorbia polychroma Cushion Spurge Origin: Eastern Europe Hardiness Zone: 2 Exposure: Full Sun Soil Conditions: Well drained, infertile soil, drought tolerant once established. Slide 63 Euphorbia polychroma - Cushion Spurge FOLIAGE: Texture - Leaves alternate, sessile or short petiole, oblong to ovate. Pubescent. Colour - Species is green, new cultivars red Other - Fall colour red Slide 64 Euphorbia polychroma - Cushion Spurge FORM: Height and Spread - 30-45 cm x 45-60 cm Growth Habit - Can spread Shape - Compact Mounds in early season Slide 65 Euphorbia polychroma - Cushion Spurge Flower: Type - Cyme. Apetalous, pistil and stamen fused. SHOWY BRACTS Colour - Bracts are yellow Season of Bloom - Late Spring/Early Summer Other - Fruit also turns red in Fall Slide 66 Euphorbia polychroma - Cushion Spurge Landscape Use: Spring/Fall interest Round form Mass plant or accent Slide 67 Euphorbia polychroma - Cushion Spurge Maintenance Considerations: Cut back mid summer for a second show (Falls open) May spread (seed?) Slide 68 Slide 69 Slide 70 Note flower time parallels: German Iris and Oriental Poppy are just starting. Periwinkle is in full bloom. Cushion spurge and Creeping Thyme are just starting. Slide 71 XANTHORRHOEACEAE ASPHODELACEAE (new) The Aloe Family Leaves: distichous (stacked alternately in rows) Inflorescence: Terminal panicle Flower Parts: In threes Slide 72 XANTHORRHOEACEAE Hemerocallis cvs. - Daylily Origin: Europe, China, Japan Hardiness Zone: 2 Exposure: Part Shade - Full Sun Soil Conditions: Moisture holding, well drained soil. Significant Features... Slide 73 Hemerocallis cvs. Daylily Slide 74 Hemerocallis cvs. Daylily- Identifying Features FOLIAGE: Texture - medium textured, Strap-like monocot Colour - Green Other - Leaves are keeled in a cross section. Slide 75 Hemerocallis cvs. - Daylily - Identifying Features Flower: Type - Trumpet shape on a scape Colour - Wide Range from nearly white to deep red Season of Bloom - Summer Other - Blooms last one day, but plants bloom profusely (10 days +) Slide 76 Slide 77 Hemerocallis cvs. - Daylily- Identifying Features FORM: Height and Spread - variable by cv. Root Type - Tuber Shape - Arching vase, clump forming. Slide 78 Left: The original daylily - note the coarse texture, and the packed shale keeping it in place… Below: Daylilies aren’t usually abuzz, but they do still get visited by some pollinators Slide 79 Hemerocallis cvs. Daylily Landscape Use: Anywhere in landscape En Masse or Specimen Industrial / Commercial sites Good Filler Competes with tree roots, shrubs, and goutweed! Slide 80 Slide 81 Hemerocallis cvs. Daylily Maintenance Considerations: Post Transplant and post freeze, plants collapse Cut back in fall Deadhead Slide 82 Next to a Japanese Spirea, creating a foundation for an analogous colour scheme… Slide 83 Thriving in a west facing, dry (note the lack of mulch) bed… what else do you recognize around them? Slide 84 LAMIACEAE Family Slide 85 Stachys byzantina Lamb’s Ears Origin: Iran/Turkey/Armenia Hardiness Zone: 2 Exposure: Full sun (or no hairs) Soil Conditions: Well drained soil, tolerates some drought. Slide 86 Stachys byzantina - Lamb’s Ears FOLIAGE: Texture - Simple, basal, opposite attached, petiolate. Oblong - rugose surface. Colour - Green with lots of fine white hairs (densely tomentose) Other - Semi-evergreen FORM: Height and Spread - Foliage = Groundcover 15 cm x 30 cm Inflorescence rises to 60 cm+ Growth Habit - Can spread aggressively and clump densely Slide 87 Stachys byzantina - Lamb’s Ears Flower: Type - Spike, LAMIACEAE flower Verticillaster cymes Colour - Pink Season of Bloom - Mid summer - Frost Other - Flowers very small, does not contribute to overall aesthetic. Slide 88 Stachys byzantina - Lamb’s Ears Landscape Use: Front of border (if flowers to be removed) Mass Planting Rock/Alpine Gardens Sensory garden - touch Attracts bees Deer and rabbit browse resistant. Slide 89 Stachys byzantina - Lamb’s Ears Maintenance Considerations: Consider cutting off flowers Note lawn invasion! Rots in heavy soils Remove spent inflorescence Slide 90 LAMIACEAE Family Slide 91 Thymus species- Thyme Origin: Greenland, Scandinavia Hardiness Zone: 2 Exposure: Full Sun Soil Conditions: Thrives in poor soils Slide 92 Thymus species- Thyme FOLIAGE: Texture - Very fine, opposite attachment, margins entire, simple leaves, nearly sessile Colour - Green Other - Leaves aromatic and edible. FORM: Height and Spread - 5-15 cm x 60 cm height varies by species. Growth Habit - vigorous, stoloniferous mat in full sun. Slide 93 Thymus species- Thyme Flower: Type - Verticillaster cymes (like Lamb’s Ears but prettier and smaller) Colour - rose-purple Season of Bloom - Early Summer primarily Slide 94 Slide 95 Thymus species- Thyme Landscape Use: Groundcover Use between flagstones Mother-of-Thyme - sensory garden (smell and taste) Alpine Garden Water substitute in landscape design Green Roof Slide 96 Thymus species- Thyme Maintenance Considerations: Treat as Evergreen. Keep Broadleaf weeds out! Shear spent Creeping Thyme Flowers in high maintenance gardens Slide 97 Noted Feb 2024 - all of the Creeping Thyme in these beds had been uncovered with numerous deer tracks… aromatherapy pillow? Or maybe they like more flavourful food?! Slide 98 Notice the bloom times (Hawthorn & Iris & Columbine in the background). Slide 99 PRIMULACEAE Primula Family Slide 100 Family Characteristics Herbs / slightly woody Basal/opposite leaves (sometimes whorled) Prefers moist to aquatic sites Flowers often in terminal clusters Fruit is a capsule Slide 101 Primula - Primula / Primrose Origin: Europe/North America Hardiness Zone: 2 - 3 Exposure: Part Shade to full sun Soil Conditions: Moist, highly organic soils - some can be wet; others require drainage Slide 102 Primula - Primula / Primrose FOLIAGE: Texture - Simple, basal, variable by species Colour - Green Other - Some may be hairy, some smooth... FORM: Height and Spread - 15-60 cm x 25-30 cm Growth Habit - Low mounding rosette Shape - Round Slide 103 Slide 104 Slide 105 Slide 106 Primula - Primula / Primrose Flower: Type - Typically Umbels, may be solitary Colour - EVERY colour, often yellow centers Season of Bloom - Early spring - Early summer Slide 107 Primula - Primula / Primrose Landscape Use: Front of bed Groundcover Small groupings Naturalized area Shady site Slide 108 Slide 109 Primula - Primula / Primrose Maintenance Considerations: Low maintenance plant in correct growing conditions Trim finished inflorescences and then leave it alone Make sure to plant with other later season plants Do not allow to go to seed if you don’t want it to spread. Slide 110 All 6 of these classic shade plants are LHAP curriculum plants! Slide 111 ID Review Which of these flowers do you recognize from ID over the years… Slide 112 There are 3 (maybe 4) third year plants, 1 (maybe 2) second year plants, 1 First year plant Slide 113 Identify the Tree… Native Lady’s Slippers are the yellow flowering plant. Look for: Siberian Iris German Iris Arctic (?) dwarf iris Hosta Columbine Lily Daylily Peony Oriental Poppy Slide 114 What do you recognize? Slide 115 Slide 116 Designing with Colour Cool Colours vs Warm Colours Different emotional responses Pushes the horizon away or brings it near White is free, but creates holes Limit your designs to 3 colours Analogous schemes vs Complimentary vs Monochrome Schemes may change with the seasons (advanced skill) Slide 117 Slide 118 Slide 119 Slide 120 Slide 121 Slide 122