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Lecture - B3 Installing Low Voltage Lighting
LHAP 302A-61-40680 (FA25) - Water and Light/Module B - Lighting/Lecture - B3 Installing Low Voltage Lighting.pdf
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11/9/2015 Lecture B3 Installing Low Voltage Lighting
http://ocmoodle.oldscollege.ca/mod/book/tool/print/index.php?id=143028 1/17
Lecture B3 Installing Low Voltage Lighting
Site: Olds College Online
Course: LSGR 306 Landscape Construction II (Warke 2015)
Book: Lecture B3 Installing Low Voltage Lighting
Printed by: Annalise Layden
Date: Monday, 9 November 2015, 9:17 AM
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Table of contents
Introduction
PreInstallation Procedures
Permits
Ordering Materials
System Installation
Lay Out the System
Running the Cable
Connecting the Fixtures
Installing the Transformer
Test the Lighting System
Review Questions
Summary
References
What's Next?
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Introduction
The installation of a low voltage lighting system is quite easy. Low voltage systems usually do not require permits or inspection, and
are not as dangerous to work with as 110volt systems. However, they can still be hazardous if not correctly installed. Including too
many lamps, or making poor connections, can cause heat to build up, possibly leading to a fire.
Always read and follow the manufacturer’s instruction for installing the cable and connecting the fixtures. Low voltage systems do
not require deep trenching, and have such low power requirements that you may not need to have an electrician install a new circuit
at your main power box.
Be aware that some low voltage systems are less durable, and their illumination may not be what you expect. Always choose quality
manufacturers and the end result should be pleasing to you and your garden visitors.
Learning Outcomes:
After you have completed this module, you will be able to:
describe the preinstallation steps required for a low voltage lighting system, and
explain system layout, installation and testing procedures.
Learning Activities
Review Questions Installing Low Voltage Lighting
Note: Module reviews make up 10% of the course grade, and are part of the Assignment Category on the course outline.
Their purpose is to provide you with review to enhance your learning and practice in preparation for the final examination.
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PreInstallation Procedures
Preinstallation procedures include activities such as determining if a permit or permits will be required, determining the materials
you will require and then ordering the materials.
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Permits
If you are installing a new 110volt circuit with a GFI receptacle to plug your new low voltage system into, you will most likely
require a permit. Check with the local building inspector to see if a permit is required. At the same time, check to see if a permit will
be required for your new low voltage system. Most low voltage installations will not need a permit.
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Ordering Materials
First, you will need to choose between traditional incandescent bulbs or modern LED technology. Order materials from a reputable
distributor. Be sure that the materials have CSA approval if you are ordering from outside of Canada.
Cable Low voltage cable is usually 122 direct burial cable. For installing fixtures in trees, you may be able to use 182 cable. The
manufacturer will have recommendations for the kinds of cable to use with their systems. Order your cable from the same place as
the fixtures to be sure that you get the correct cable. Always follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for the maximum length of
cable per run.
Wire Connectors You will not be able to connect any fixtures without wire connectors. Your system may come with connectors, or
they may have to be ordered at the time you order the fixtures. Be sure to get CSA approved connectors for outdoor installations.
Switches and Receptacles Order whichever outdoor 110volt receptacles will be needed to power your new system. These must be
GFI receptacles, or wired on a circuit that is protected by a GFI. Be sure that you can control the power to the receptacle from
indoors. This may require an electrician and a permit.
Fixtures Most low voltage fixtures are sold with lamps. You will be able to choose the size of lamp to best suit your specific
application. Some fixtures are available with coloured lenses. Think twice before ordering coloured lenses, as they can make a very
dramatic statement in your yard.
Transformer Low voltage transformers are available in many different sizes. Work with your retailer to be sure you get the
appropriate size for your design. If you have designed a very large system, you may need to purchase several transformers. Some
transformers have the capability to have more than one run attached to them. Time clocks, as well as photocells, may be incorporated
into one unit with the transformer, as these may come as separate pieces. You may also have the choice as to whether the transformer
will be mounted indoors or outside.
Other Materials You will need to gather a few other things before you start to install your system: wooden stakes and a marking
pen to mark the fixture locations, marking paint to mark the wire runs, and plastic to lay excavated soil on to protect other areas not
under construction.
Next is your tool belt; it should contain linesman’s pliers, needle nose pliers, and side cutting pliers, Phillips and standard slotted
screwdrivers. You will also need a spade for trenching, and a rake and broom for the final clean up.
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Figure 1. Drainage spade (Lowes, 2015).
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System Installation
The installation of low voltage lighting is a fairly simple procedure. If you are using incandescent or halogen bulbs, you will have
already completed the voltage drop calculation, to ensure even light distribution along the entire installation. Next is laying out the
system, laying the cable, connecting the fixtures and transformer and testing the low voltage system.
View this video on how to install an outdoor lighting system as an introduction to the procedure.
00:00
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Lay Out the System
Once all the fixtures, lamps, transformers, switches and other components have arrived, and you have all the tools and equipment
ready, you can take your lighting plans out to the garden and start to lay out the system.
Drive a wooden stake at the desired location of each fixture. Write the fixture name and number on the stake and any special notes
about its installation.
Choose the location for the transformer. It should be central to the lighting fixtures so that the wire runs extend out from it like the
spokes of a wheel. This arrangement keeps the runs as short as possible. The unit may be inside or outside, depending on the type of
transformer purchased.
Mark the wire runs with marking paint. Try to follow areas, which will add protection to the wires, such as pathways or borders of
gardens. Be sure that you do not exceed the maximum length of run recommended by the manufacturer. This is to avoid a voltage
drop and decreased output of the lamps at the ends of the runs. If you find you will have to exceed the maximum length you will have
to use a heavier wire. By using LED rather than incandescent or halogen bulbs the voltage drop will not be a problem as LED draws
very little power.
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Running the Cable
Low voltage cable can be laid right on the ground surface between the fixtures. However, it will be more aesthetically pleasing if you
bury the cable several centimetres below the surface. Start at the transformer and dig a shallow (1015 cm) trench following each
wire run. Lay the cable in the trench, leaving a 3045 cm coil of wire at the transformer and a loop above ground at the location of
each fixture. Continue to run the wire to the last fixture.
If your design includes fixtures in trees to provide moonlighting, also run the cable into the trees. Place the cable so it will be less
visible. Install any other above ground cable, such as those to the deck or trellis. Again, try to place the cable in an inconspicuous
location. Use electrical staples to attach the cable to wood.
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Connecting the Fixtures
The fixtures must be connected to the cable prior to plugging in the transformer. If you plug in the transformer first, the fuse will
blow or the circuit breaker will trip.
Do a final check of the fixture locations, then start to connect each fixture according to the manufacturer's directions. A wiring
diagram is usually included. The connections must be protected from moisture using waterproof wire connectors. Once you have all
the fixtures and cables connected, check to see if they are sitting vertical and have been aligned.
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Installing the Transformer
The transformer must be connected to a receptacle that is protected by a GFI. If desired, an indoor switch may operate it. The
receptacle, if located outside, should be weatherproof. If your design includes several transformers, locate the switches in a central
location in the house. The lowvoltage cables from the wire runs can now be attached to the transformer. Now, plug the transformer
into the receptacle.
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Test the Lighting System
It goes without saying that testing should be done at dusk, or at night when you are easily able to see the effects of the lighting. Once
you have power to the fixtures, you can check the placement and angle of their beams. Lowvoltage fixtures can be relocated easily,
if the need arises.
If any of the fixtures do not come on, first check the lamp in a fixture that has a lamp that is working. If the lamp lights up in the test
fixture, there is probably a problem with the connection to the fixture that is not working. Switch off the transformer and check the
cable connection. Reconnect, if necessary, and check again.
If you find that all the fixtures come on but those towards the end of the run seem to be dim, you need to check the cable length as it
probably exceeds the length recommended by the manufacturer. If it exceeds the length recommended by the manufacturer, you will
have to rearrange the runs, moving a few fixtures until none of the runs exceed the maximum length.
If you are not able to rearrange the runs, you will have to change to a heavier cable. Again, if you choose LED lighting the
challenges of voltage drop and dim light towards the end of the run will not be a problem. Remember that maintenance will also be
easier as LEDs last up to 50,000 hours.
Watch this video How to Install Low Voltage Lighting (This Old House, n.d.) to see a demonstration of the installation of a small
incandescent system.
How to Install LowVoltage Landscape Lighting
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Review Questions
Complete the Review Questions for this module.
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Summary
Once a permit has been obtained, if required, you can order the materials needed for the lighting installation. Once the materials have
arrived, the installation can take place. The system can be laid out, cable run, fixtures and transformer connected, then the system is
tested and any adjustments can then be completed.
If you want to access additional video resources on the installation procedure, you will find some good choices at
1/14 Brass Bully Beacon MR16...
(2015).
Note: These resources are only for your personal interest. They are not required as part of this course and the information within this
resource will not be used in Review Questions, Assignments or Quizzes.
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References
Lowes ( 2015). True Temper shorthandle wood drainage spade. Retrieved from https://www.lowes.ca/shovels/truetempert250tt
silvermaxshorthandlewooddrainspade_10966471.html?
af=3632&cse=3632&gclid=CO_A1Me26McCFYQ8aQodV94Obw&gclsrc=aw.ds
This Old House (n.d.). How to install low voltage landscape lighting. Retrieved from
http://www.thisoldhouse.com/toh/video/0,,20504213,00.html
Volt University (2015). How to Videos. Retrieved from
1/14 Brass Bully Beacon MR16...
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What's Next?
Now that the system has been installed, a maintenance plan can be put into place. Maintenance begins at the design stage, by
choosing appropriate materials for the location to stand up to any weather or maintenance equipment challenges. The next module
will guide you through the steps in system maintenance.
Links Found
URLs discovered in the source file.
- http://ocmoodle.oldscollege.ca/mod/book/tool/print/index.php?id=143028
- https://www.lowes.ca/shovels/truetempert250tt
- http://www.thisoldhouse.com/toh/video/0,,20504213,00.html
- http://ocmoodle.oldscollege.ca/
- http://ocmoodle.oldscollege.ca/mod/quiz/view.php?id=143029
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?list=PL5C2aNXQY_fI0-eDR1yEE8_OiZ4fjD7mH&v=FjJqqlpLbqM
- https://www.lowes.ca/shovels/true-temper-t-250-tt-silvermax-short-handle-wood-drain-spade_10966471.html?af=3632&cse=3632&gclid=CO_A1Me26McCFYQ8aQodV94Obw&gclsrc=aw.ds